Fig. 4.
Proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines mainly associated with recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes were elevated in the cerebellum of Ccm3iECKO mice (CCM3) compared with wild-type controls (WT) during chronic CCM. The following cytokines and chemokines are shown: IL-1β (A), IL-6 (B), TNF (C), CXCL1/KC/GRO (D), CXCL2/MIP-2 (E), CCL2/MCP-1 (F), CCL3/MIP-1α (G) and CXCL10/IP-10 (H), at P8 (n = 5–6 per group), P15 (n = 6–8 per group) and P22-P28 (n = 7–8 per group). I Representative images of the whole brain at P8, P15 and P22-28. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 for comparisons between groups. Mann–Whitney U tests were used to determine statistically significant differences in the levels of cytokines and chemokines between Ccm3iECKO and WT mice. Kruskal–Wallis test ANOVA with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test were used to determine statistically significant differences in the levels of cytokines and chemokines between different time points in Ccm3iECKO mice