Table 2.

Association of system-level factors with self-reported high telephone use and any video use, the latter 2 being independent outcomes and calculated separately.

System-level factors (N=311)			Telephone visits per half day											Video visits per half day
			≥4 visits (n=178), n/n (%)		≤3 visits (n=133), n/n (%)		Chi-square (df)			P valuea			≥1 video visit (n=81), n/n (%)			No video visit (n=230), n/n (%)			Chi-square (df)			P valuea
Perceived workload (compared to in-person visits)								2.78 (1)			.10									1.32 (1)			.25
	Less or same workload	143/166 (86.1)		71/91 (78.0)								42/70 (60.0)			20/41 (48.8)
	More workload	23/166 (13.9)		20/91 (22.0)								28/70 (40.0)			21/41 (51.2)
Time helping patients navigate (minutes)								0.0006a (1)			.98									0.51 (1)			.47
	≤4	131/154 (85.1)		69/81 (85.2)								30/62 (49.4)			13/31 (40.6)
	≥5	23/154 (14.9)		12/81 (14.8)								32/62 (51.6)			19/31 (59.4)
Ease of interpreter services (compared to in-person visits)								0.02 (1)			.90									1.16 (1)			.28
	Somewhat or much more difficult	88/134 (65.7)		34/51 (66.7)								24/31 (77.4)			17/19 (89.5)
	Somewhat or much easier	46/134 (34.3)		17/51 (33.3)								7/31 (22.6)			2/19 (10.5)
Audio and video quality								1.41 (1)			.24						N/Ab			N/A			N/A
	Not adequate	17/161 (10.6)		12/75 (16.0)								8/59 (13.6)			N/A			N/A			N/A
	Adequate	144/161 89.4)		63/75 (84.0)								51/59 (86.4)			N/A			N/A			N/A
Device								4.24 (1)			.04a									3.31 (1)			.07
	Only institution-provided devices	45/162 (27.8)		32/78 (41.0)								26/63 (41.3)			51/177 (28.8)
	At least one personal device used	117/162 (72.2)a		46/78 (59.0)								37/63 (58.7)			126/177 (71.2)

^aSignificant at P<.05.

^bN/A: not applicable.