Table 1.
The baseline demographics, comorbidities, and baseline laboratory test results of the patients
| Characteristic | Sub-group | COVID-19 group (n = 636) | Non–COVID-19 group (n = 587) | Total (N = 1223) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (yr), median (IQR) | 61 (49–70) | 60 (47–69) | 60 (48–69) | |
| Gender, n (%) | Women | 292 (46.0) | 239 (40.6) | 531 (43.4) |
| Men | 343 (54.0) | 349 (59.4) | 692 (56.6) | |
| Primary kidney disease, n (%) | Diabetic kidney disease | 230 (36.2) | 160 (27.2) | 390 (31.9)a |
| Primary Glomerulonephritis | 39 (6.1) | 43 (7.3) | 82 (6.7) | |
| Hypertensive nephrosclerosis | 209 (32.9) | 217 (36.9) | 426 (34.8) | |
| ADPCKD | 28 (4.4) | 31 (5.3) | 59 (4.8) | |
| Other | 129 (20.3) | 137 (23.3) | 266 (21.7) | |
| HD duration (mo), median (IQR) | 48 (24–96) | 53 (24–96) | 48 (24–96) | |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 276/629 (43.9) | 196/339 (33.5) | 472/1214 (38.9)a | |
| Hypertension | 501/632 (79.3) | 443/586 (75.6) | 944/1218 (77.5) | |
| COPD | 78/621 (12.6) | 58/583 (9.9) | 136/1204 (11.3) | |
| Cardiac disease | 253/624 (40.5) | 214/582 (36.8) | 467/1206 (38.6) | |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 30/612 (4.9) | 24/581 (4.1) | 54/1193 (4.5) | |
| Malignancy | 21/610 (3.4) | 18/580 (3.1) | 39/1190 (3.3) | |
| Chronic liver disease | 17/614 (2.8) | 21/581 (3.6) | 38/1195 (3.2) | |
| Autoimmune/autoinflammatory diseases | 16/611 (2.6) | 24/578 (4.2) | 40/1189 (3.4) | |
| History of fistula thrombosis | 76/599 (12.7) | 59/581 (10.2) | 135/1180 (11.4) | |
| History of nonfistula thromboembolic disease | 15/593 (2.5) | 13/582 (2.2) | 28/1175 (2.4) | |
| Medicines, n/N (%) | ||||
| ACE inhibitor | 110/602 (18.3) | 119/580 (20.5) | 229/1182 (19.4) | |
| ARB | 60/605 (9.9) | 47/576 (8.2) | 107/1181 (9.1) | |
| Calcium channel blockers | 277/611 (45.3) | 236/574 (41.1) | 513/1185 (43.3) | |
| β-blocker | 278/607 (45.8) | 238/577 (41.2) | 516/1184 (43.6) | |
| Other antihypertensives | 122/600 (20.3) | 136/575 (23.7) | 258/1175 (22.0) | |
| Insulin | 198/615 (32.2) | 139/581 (23.9) | 337/1196 (28.2)a | |
| Oral antidiabetics | 46/609 (7.6) | 33/579 (5.7) | 79/1188 (6.6) | |
| Statin | 119/602 (19.8) | 99/579 (17.1) | 218/1181 (18.5) | |
| Antiaggregant | 315/596 (52.9) | 311/579 (53.7) | 626/1175 (53.3) | |
| Anticoagulants | 142/598 (23.7) | 116/583 (19.9) | 258/1181 (21.8) | |
| ESA | 459/601 (76.4) | 429/583 (73.6) | 888/1184 (75.0) | |
| i.v. iron | 378/601 (62.9) | 375/581 (64.5) | 753/1182 (63.7) | |
| Vitamin D or analogs | 325/602 (54.0) | 339/585 (57.9) | 664/1187 (55.9) | |
| Phosphorus binders containing calcium | 429/602 (71.3) | 397/584 (68.0) | 826/1186 (69.6) | |
| Lanthanum | 33/578 (5.7) | 41/580 (7.1) | 74/1158 (6.4) | |
| Cinacalcet | 84/578 (14.5) | 77/580 (13.3) | 161/1158 (13.9) | |
| Smoking, n (%) | Never smoked | 352 (58.4) | 315 (56.4) | 667 (57.4) |
| Still smoking | 70 (11.6) | 80 (14.3) | 150 (12.9) | |
| Quite smoking | 181 (30.0) | 164 (29.3) | 345 (29.7) | |
| Baseline laboratory data (before COVID-19), median (IQR) | ||||
| Potassium (mmol/l) | 5 (5–6) | 5 (5–6) | 5 (5–6) | |
| Calcium (mg/dl) | 8.6 (8–9) | 8.6 (8–9) | 8.6 (8–9) | |
| Phosphorus (mg/dl) | 5 (4–6) | 4.9 (4–6) | 5 (4–6) | |
| Parathormone (pg/ml) | 362 (220–617) | 352 (193–687) | 358 (206–646) | |
| ALT (U/l) | 11 (8–17) | 11 (7–16) | 11 (8–16) | |
| Albumin (g/dl) | 3.8 (4–4) | 3.8 (4–4) | 3.8 (4–4) | |
| Ferritin (ng/ml) | 533 (295–868) | 492 (278–764) | 513 (289–813)a | |
| CRP (mg/l) | 8 (3–20) | 4 (2–11) | 5.9 (2–15)a | |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 11 (10–12) | 11 (10–12) | 11 (10–12) | |
| Leukocyte(/mm3) | 6480 (5050–8050) | 6230 (4800–7900) | 6355 (4910–7985)a | |
| Number of neutrophils (/mm3) | 3850 (2600–5400) | 3900 (2670–5120) | 3885 (2600–5240) |
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ADPCKD, autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRP, C-reactive protein; ESA, erythropoietin-stimulating agents; HD, hemodialysis; IQR, interquartile range.
All the data were obtained at the month before the development of COVID-19 in the COVID-19 group and the same month in the non–COVID-19 group with the patient with COVID-19.
a
P < 0.05.