Table 3.
Intervention studies with vitamin D supplementation and cardiovascular events.
| See REF. | Study, Number of Subjects | Follow-Up | Treatment | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hsia [48] | original WHI trial n = 36,282 | 7 years | 400 IU | HR for—MI or coronary heart disease death: 1.04—Stroke: 0.95 |
| Bolland [55] | WHI reanalysis n = 16,718 women not taking calcium supplements at baseline | 7 years | 400 IU D3 + 1 g calcium | HR (all NS) for: —MI: 1.2 —coronary revascularization: 1.15 —Stroke: 1.17 —All CV events: 1.13 |
| Ford [50] | Record trial n = 5292 | 9 years | 800 IU D3 + 1 g calcium | HR for —cardiac failure: 0.75 * —MI: 0.97 —Stroke: 1.06 |
| Scragg [52] | VIDA trial (New Zealand) n = 5108 | 3.3 years | 100,000 IU D3 per month (baseline mean 25OHD: 24 ng/mL) | HR for -all CV diseases: 1.02 |
| Manson [51] | VITAL Trial n = 25,871 | 5.3 years | 2000 IU D3/d | HR for MACE 0.97 (0.85–1.11) All cause of mortality: 0.99 (0.87–1.11) Cardiovascular Death 1.10 (0.88–1.39) |
WHI: Women’s Health Initiative; RECORD trial: randomized evaluation of calcium or vitamin D; VIDA: Vitamin D Assessment study; VITAL: VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL; HR: hazard ratio; CV: cardiovascular; MACE: major adverse cardiovascular events; REF: reference; *: HR for —cardiac failure: 0.75.