Table 4.
Dietary pattern adherence per diagnosis and ADHD presentation.
| Total ADHD | ADHD Presentation | Control | p ADHD-Control | p Presentations-Control | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inattentive a | H–I and Combined b | |||||
| n = 270 | n = 98 | n = 172 | n = 464 | |||
| Western-like dietary pattern | 0.052 | 0.088 | ||||
| Low adherence | 31.1% (84) | 25.5% (25) | 34.3% (59) | 34.5% (160) | ||
| Medium adherence | 30.0% (81) | 32.7% (32) | 28.5% (49) | 35.3% (164) | ||
| High adherence | 38.9% (105) | 41.8% (41) | 37.2% (64) | 30.2% (140) | ||
| Sweet dietary pattern | 0.401 | 0.515 | ||||
| Low adherence | 36.3% (98) | 40.8% (40) | 33.7% (58) | 31.5% (146) | ||
| Medium adherence | 32.2% (87) | 29.6% (29) | 33.7% (58) | 34.1% (158) | ||
| High adherence | 31.5% (85) | 29.6% (29) | 32.6% (56) | 34.5% (160) | ||
| Healthy dietary pattern | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Low adherence | 38.5% (104) | 45.9% (45) | 34.3% (59) | 30.2% (140) | 0.009 ab | |
| Medium adherence | 39.3% (106) | 41.8% (41) | 37.8% (65) | 30.0% (139) | <0.001 ac | |
| High adherence | 22.2% (60) | 12.2% (12) | 27.9% (48) | 39.9% (185) | 0.018 bc | |
ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Control, children without ADHD; H–I, hyperactive–impulsive. Values in percentage (n). Significant differences in bold (p < 0.05.) For subgroups, only significant p values are shown. Superscript letters of p values indicate in which subgroups significance is reduced.