Table 2.

Cancer type-specific incidence and mortality rates stratified by smoking and alcohol consumption in Korean men.

Cancer Type	Combined Smoking and Alcohol Consumption		Smoking		Alcohol Consumption
	Incidence	Mortality	Incidence	Mortality	Incidence	Mortality
	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)
Esophageal	4.4 (2.7–7.3) *	6.1 (2.8–13.6) *	1.7 (1.2–2.5) *	2.3 (1.2–4.2) *	2.6 (1.8–3.8) *	2.7 (1.5–4.9) *
Stomach	1.3 (1.1–1.5)	1.3 (0.8–1.9)	1.2 (1.1–1.4)	1.4 (1.1–1.9)	1.1 (0.9–1.0)	0.9 (0.6–1.2)
Liver	1.6 (1.3-2.0) *	2.2 (1.5–3.2) *	1.2 (1.0–1.4) *	1.4 (1.1–1.9) *	1.3 (1.1–1.6) *	1.5 (1.1–2.1) *
Laryngeal	3.4 (1.9–6.3)	23.4 (1.7–313.4)	2.2 (1.4–3.4)	9.5 (1.1–84.9)	1.6 (1.0–2.5)	2.5 (0.5–12.5)
Tracheal, bronchial, and lung	2.3 (1.9–2.7) *	3.3 (2.5–4.4)	1.9 (1.7–2.2) *	2.8 (2.3–3.4)	1.2 (1.0–1.4) *	1.2 (1.0–1.5)
Colon and rectal	1.3 (1.1–1.6)	1.7 (1.0–2.8)	1.1 (0.9–1.2)	1.3 (0.9–1.9)	1.2 (1.1–1.4)	1.3 (0.9–1.9)
Mouth	1.4 (0.9–2.2)	0.7 (0.1–3.9)	1.1 (0.8–1.5)	0.8 (0.3–2.8)	1.3 (1.0–1.9)	0.9 (0.2–3.2)
Nasopharyngeal	1.6 (0.5–4.7)	2.2 (0.2–25.0)	1.0 (0.4–2.3)	1.3 (0.2–8.0)	1.6 (0.7–3.6)	1.7 (0.3–10.5)
Other parts of the pharynx and oropharynx	1.3 (0.6–2.8)	4.8 (0.6–36.8)	0.9 (0.5–1.5)	1.2 (0.3–5.7)	1.5 (0.9–2.7)	3.9 (0.9–18.2)
Gallbladder and biliary tract	1.4 (0.9–2.3)	1.2 (0.6–2.5)	1.1 (0.8–1.5)	1.3 (0.8–2.3)	1.4 (1.0–1.9)	0.9 (0.5–1.6)
Pancreatic	1.6 (1.1–2.5)	1.9 (1.1–3.3)	1.3 (1.0–1.8)	1.4 (0.9–2.1)	1.2 (0.9–1.7)	1.4 (0.9–2.1)
Bladder	1.4 (0.9–2.0)	1.8 (0.5–6.3)	1.3 (1.0–1.7)	1.6 (0.6–3.9)	1.0 (0.8–1.4)	1.2 (0.4–3.1)

Cause-specific Cox proportional hazard modeling was used. HR, hazard ratios; CI, confidence interval. * denotes statistically significant comparisons of ‘combined smoking and alcohol consumption’, ‘smoking’, and ‘alcohol consumption’.