Table 2.

Residency period’s characteristics

Residency period duration				Nr years
Mean ±SD			5.44 ± 1.64
Median			6
General surgery residency			Nr trainees (%)
Yes			75 (94.94)
Specific and official training period in upper GI			Nr trainees (%)
Yes			34 (43,04)
Mean ±SD (months)			16.77 ±17.35
Type of approach in residency centers			Nr centers
Laparoscopic			33 (41.77)
Robotic			8 (10.12)
Open			38 (48.10)
Level of Satisfaction			Nr trainees (%)
Negative			28 (35.44)
Sufficient			27 (34.17)
Good			20 (25.31)
Optimal			4 (5.06)
Centers volumes	Gastric resections performed N° (%)	Esophageal resections performed N° (%)	Functional interventions performed N° (%)
Low Volumes (<20 patients treated/year)	18 (22.78)	44 (55.69)	24 (30.37)
Mid-High Volumes (21–100 patients treated/year)	48 (60.75)	32 (40.50)	47 (59.49)
Very High Volumes (>101 patients treated/year)	13 (16.45)	3 (3.79)	8 (10.12)

Nr: Number; SD: Standard Deviation.