Table 2.
Proportions and univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses of bodily pain factors for cognitive impairment development among community-dwelling older adults.
| Variables | Cognitive Impairment (n = 161) |
No Cognitive Impairment (n = 1861) |
p Value | Multivariable Model b | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | (%) | n | (%) | OR | (95% CI) | p Value | ||
| Bodily Pain | 0.005 | |||||||
| No | 39 | (24.2) | 651 | (35.0) | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 122 | (75.8) | 1210 | (65.0) | 1.68 | (1.15–1.16) | 0.008 | |
| Number of pain locations | 0.017 | |||||||
| 0 | 39 | (24.2) | 651 | (35.0) | 1.00 | |||
| 1 | 58 | (36.0) | 615 | (33.0) | 1.61 | (1.05–2.48) | 0.029 | |
| ≥2 | 64 | (39.8) | 595 | (32.0) | 1.75 | (1.14–2.68) | 0.010 | |
| Pain location a | ||||||||
| Articular pain | 60 | (37.3) | 581 | (31.2) | 0.133 | 1.30 | (0.92–1.83) | 0.131 |
| Neck pain | 48 | (29.8) | 502 | (27.0) | 0.460 | 1.11 | (0.77–1.59) | 0.576 |
| Low back and waist pain | 63 | (39.1) | 561 | (30.1) | 0.021 | 1.47 | (1.04–2.06) | 0.028 |
| Sciatica | 27 | (16.8) | 199 | (10.7) | 0.026 | 1.66 | (1.06–2.59) | 0.027 |
| Hemicrania continua | 27 | (16.8) | 259 | (13.9) | 0.345 | 1.24 | (0.80–1.94) | 0.337 |
| Other pain | 7 | (4.4) | 71 | (3.8) | 0.670 | 1.20 | (0.54–2.69) | 0.655 |
Values are expressed as numbers (percentage). CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio. a An individual may have bodily pain in more than one location. b The models were adjusted for individuals’ age, gender, marital status, alcohol drinking, smoking, physical activity, body mass index, waist circumference, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, fasting glucose, and GFR.