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. 2022 Mar 20;13(3):547. doi: 10.3390/genes13030547

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Terpene biosynthesis pathway in the rose. Black arrows indicate that the biosynthetic step has been identified in rose or other species. Blue arrows indicate putative steps with unknown enzymes. AACT, acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase; CCD, carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase; CMK, 4-(cytidine 5’-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase; DMAPP, dimethylallyl diphosphate; DXR, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase; DXS, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase; FPP, farnesyl diphosphate; FPPS, farnesyl diphosphate synthase; G3P, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate; GGPP, geranylgeranyl diphosphate; GGPPS, geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase; GPP, geranyl diphosphate; GPPS, geranyl diphosphate synthase; HDR, 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase; HDS, 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-butenyl 4-diphosphate synthase; HMBPP, 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate; HMGR, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase; HMGS, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA synthase; IDI, isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase; IPP, isopentenyl diphosphate; MCT, 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidyltransferase; MDS, 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase; MVD, 5-diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase; MEP, 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate; MVA, mevalonic acid; MVK, mevalonate kinase; NUDX1, nudix hydrolase1; PMK, 5-phosphomevalonate kinase; TPS, terpene synthase.