Table A2.
Critical appraisal of cohort studies.
| First Author (Date) | Appraisal Questions | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Were the Two Groups Similar and Recruited from the Same Population? |
Were the Exposures Measured Similarly to Assign People to both Exposed and Unexposed Groups? | Was the Exposure Measured in a Valid and Reliable Way? | Were the Groups/Participants Free of the Outcome at the Start of the Study? |
Were Confounding Factors Identified? |
Were Strategies to Deal with Confounding Factors Stated? |
Were the Outcomes Measured in a Valid and Reliable way? |
Was the Follow-Up Time Reported and Sufficient to be Long Enough for Outcomes to Occur? |
Was Follow-Up Complete, and if not, Were the Reasons to Loss to Follow-Up Described and Explored? |
Were Strategies to Address Incomplete Follow-Up Utilized? |
Was Appropriate Statistical Analysis Used? |
Include in review? | Level of Evidence | |
| Bedard (2020) | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | IIIA |
| Daniels (2006) | Y | Y | Y | NA | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | IIIA |
| DeJonge (2019) | Y | Y | Y | NA | NA | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | IIIB |
| Delorme (2011) | Y | Y | Y | N | NA | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | IIIB |
| Guzman (2012) | Y | Y | Y | NA | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | IIIB |
| Howie (2019) | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | IIIA |
| McMillian (2016) | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | NA | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | IIIA |
| Michaud (2006) | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | NA | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | IIIA |
| Murphy (2017) | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | NA | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | IIIA |
| Tiggelman (2015) | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | IIIA |
| Vella (2016) | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | NA | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | IIIB |
| Wattie (2014) | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | NA | Y | NA | NA | NA | Y | Y | IIIB |
Y = Yes; N = No; U = Unclear; NA = Not applicable.