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. 2022 Mar 2;11(3):310. doi: 10.3390/pathogens11030310

Table 5.

Cestodes impact on NF-κB activity and outcomes.

Parasite Infection/Life Stage/Antigen Host/Location/Model Effect on NF-κB Outcome
Taenia crassiceps [114]

  • Product released by the parasite (Tc-ES)

 Mouse BMDCc Tc-ES did not induce p65 phosphorylation (Ser536), but attenuated LPS-induced p65 phosphorylation (Ser536). Inhibition of DC maturation, cytokine production, and the ability of LPS-treated DCs to prime Th1 responses.
Taenia solium [116]

  • Larval antigen (Ts-Ag)

 Human primary monocytes Increased degradation of IkB-α but not IkBβ; increased DNA binding by p65, p50, and cRel. Induced CCL2, CXCL8, and CCL3 secretion.
Mesocestoides corti [115]

  • Helminth soluble factors (HSFs)

 Mouse microglia cells Decrease in LPS-induced p65 phosphorylation and acetylation. Inhibition of LPS-induced secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α cytokines.
Taenia crassiceps [117]

  • Fractionated Taenia glycans

  • Lewis sugars

 Mouse spleen cells p65 level increased, p50 level was not affected. Release of IFN-γ from spleen cells stimulated with N glycans upon stimulation with Taenia glycans; Lewis X sugars upregulated p65 expression and had no impact on p50 expression.