Table 6.
Textile materials functionalized with other polysaccharides and metal nanoparticles. Polysaccharide function towards MNPs.
| Polysaccharide Function | NPs (Shape, Size) | Textile Substrate, Structure | Application | Results | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antimicrobial activity (Dextran) | Ag (spherical, 8–58 nm) | Cotton, n.d. * | Wound dressing | Formulations exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity against A. niger, C. albicans, S. aureus, and E. coli | [150] |
| Reducing and stabilizing agent (κ-carrageenan and locust bean gum) | Au (spherical, 21–45 nm) | n.d. | General use | κ-carrageenan and locust bean gum reduced and stabilized AuNPs; the formulation can be laminated on non-woven fabric at industrial large scale | [140] |
| Stabilizing agent (pectin) | Ag (n.d. *, 24 nm) |
Pectin, PVA, PVP, and mafenide acetate, non-woven | Wound healing | Low antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa; acceptable cytotoxicity, including faster in vivo wound healing | [143] |
| Stabilizing agent (pullulan) |
Ag (spherical, 20 nm; in sodium silicate) |
Cotton, n.d. | n.d. | Functionalized cotton water uptake became stimuli-responsive to pH and temperature between 24 and 30 °C (neutral and acid pH) | [151] |
| Substrate (pectin and hyaluronic acid) |
Ag (spherical, 8.6 nm) | Pectin, hyaluronic acid, and PVA, non-woven |
Wound dressing | High antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis, S. aureus, and E. coli; histological analysis displayed a faster healing process, attributed to the presence of hyaluronic acid | [138] |
| Substrate (pectin) | Ag (spherical, 3.7–8.6 nm) | Pectin, non-woven | Wound healing, catalysis, and Raman enhancement | AgNPs homogeneously distributed in the pectin nanofibers, and their size may be tailored; AgNP release took 4 weeks | [139] |
| Substrate (polycaprolactone and hyaluronic acid) | Ag (spherical, 4–10 nm) | Polycaprolactone and hyaluronic acid, non-woven | Prevention of post-operative tendon adhesion | Nanofiber sheath of polycaprolactone as tendon-sheet surrogate; core contains hyaluronic acid to prevent cell adhesion and AgNPs as antimicrobial agent; suitable cytotoxicity; low antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. coli; histological observations revealed promising antiadhesive properties | [136] |
| Substrate (polylactic acid and hyaluronic acid) | Ag (spherical and rods, 10–40 nm) |
Polylactic acid, hyaluronic acid, non-woven |
Prevention of post-operative tendon adhesion | Polylactic acid worked as a tendon-sheet surrogate, hyaluronic acid prevented cell adhesion, and AgNPs were responsible for the antimicrobial effect; most tested formulations exhibited acceptable cytotoxicity (>70%); weak antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. coli; in vivo tests with rats showed no blood, renal, or liver problems; histological observation denoted low adhesion in some formulations | [137] |
| Substrate (PVA, gum arabic, and polycaprolactone) |
Ag (spherical, 10–100 nm) | PVA, gum arabic, and polycaprolactone, non-woven | Wound dressing | Low antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans. Improved adequacy of water-vapor permeability and porosity for wound-dressing use; suitable cytotoxicity | [149] |
* n.d. corresponds to not defined.