Figure 7: BCAAs support nuclear propionyl-CoA and histone lysine propionylation HepG2 cells were incubated in DMEM with 10% dialyzed FBS for 24 h and switched to dropout media at the indicated times before harvest.

A) SILEC-SF analysis with nuclear/non-nuclear fractionation. B) SILEC-SF analysis of nuclear propionyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA after 24 h incubation with indicated dropout media. C) Total cellular acylcarnitine. D) Extracellular acylcarnitine in media. E) proteomic analysis of acid extracted histones. Volcano plots compare intensity of specific histone peptide modifications for each time point to t=0 control. Table summarizes histone modification classes and sites that were significantly regulated at any timepoint. Single and double modifications of a peptide that could not be assigned to a specific residue are counted as distinct sites. F) relative intensity over time for 4 Kpr sites identified as significantly regulated in E at any timepoint and for corresponding Kac marks. Statistical significance in E & F was determined by comparison to t=0 control for each mark or metabolite and is indicated above or below the specific timepoint in the color corresponding to the data set. For all experiments, n=3 replicate samples per condition from a single representative experiment, error bars are standard deviation. p < 0.05 (*), p < 0.01 (**), p < 0.001 (***).