Table 4.
Overview of study results analyzing the use of OTL38 as a fluorescent probe for the detection of lung cancer.
| Author and Year |
Study Population |
#Patients (Lesions) |
Doses | Timing | TP (%) | FP (%) | TN (%) | FN (%) | #Additional Lesions (%TP) |
Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) |
PPV (%) |
NPV (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predina 2018 |
A549 mice models |
15 (15) | 0.0, 0.0125, 0.025, 0.050 and 0.25 mg/kg IV | Up to 8 days | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Patients with pulmonary nodules |
10 (10) | 0.025 mg/kg IV | 3–6 h | 8 (80) | 0 (0) | 1 (10) | 1 (10) | 3 (100) | 84.6 | * | * | * | |
| Keating 2017 |
Dogs with primary lung cancer |
10 (10) | 0.185 mg/kg IV | 2–3 h | 10 (100) | * | * | 0 (0) | NR | 100 | * | * | * |
| Patients with adenocarcinoma | 3 (3) | 0.025 mg/kg IV | 3 (100) | * | * | 0 (0) | NR | 100 | * | * | * | ||
| Azari 2021 |
Patients with pulmonary nodules |
279 (279) | 0.025 mg/kg IV | Mean 7.7 h |
217 (77.8) | 32 (12.9) | 8 (2.9) | 22 (7.9) | NR | 90.8 | 20 | 87.1 | 26.7 |
| Gangadharan 2021 |
Patients with pulmonary nodules |
92 (92) | 0.025 mg/kg IV | 2–6 h | NR | NR | NR | NR | 24 (37.5) | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Predina (2) 2018 |
Patients with ground-glass opacity | 20 (21) | 0.025 mg/kg IV | 3–6 h | 15 (71.4) | 1 (4.8) | 0 (0) | 5 (23.8) | NR | 75 | * | * | * |
| Predina (3) 2018 |
Patients with squamous cell cancer | 12 (13) | 0.025 mg/kg IV | 3–6 h | 7 (53.8) | * | * | 5 (38.5) | NR | 58.3 | * | * | * |
| Predina (4) 2018 |
Patients with adenocarcinoma |
20 (21) | 0.025 mg/kg IV | 3–6 h | 17 (81) | * | * | 4 (19) | 4 (100) | 84 | * | * | * |
| Predina 2017 |
Patients with pulmonary nodules |
50 (66) | 0.025 mg/kg IV | 3–6 h | 56 (84.6) | 4 (6.1) | 3 (4.5) | 3 (4.5) | 9 (100) | 95.6 | 42.9 | 94.2 | 50 |
Abbreviations: TP—true positive; FP—false positive; TN—true negative; FN—false negative; PPV—positive predictive value; NPV—negative predictive value; NR—not reported. * Value cannot be determined, since only patients with proven malignancies were included or there were less than 5 benign and/or malignant lesions, and therefore, a representative value cannot be determined.