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. 2022 Mar 10;14(6):1162. doi: 10.3390/nu14061162

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Dihydroethidium (DHE) staining, which detects superoxide (A–D). Four and twelve weeks after induction of diabetes, retinas showed extensively increased staining for DHE spanning the vertical retinal section (both p < 0.001). Nicotinamide treatment reduced DHE expression at 4 weeks after onset of diabetes (p < 0.001). DHE, dihydroethidium; DM, diabetes mellitus; NAM, nicotinamide. Scale bar = 20 μm. GCL, ganglion cell layer. INL, inner nuclear layer. ONL, outer nuclear layer. *, significantly different as indicated (p < 0.05).