Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Mar 10;14(6):1162. doi: 10.3390/nu14061162

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Glial activation. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunofluorescence staining was increased, extending to the outer nuclear layer compared to the normal control group at 4 and 12 weeks after onset of diabetes (A,C). Nicotinamide treatment significantly attenuated GFAP expression at 4 and 12 weeks after induction of diabetes (Both p < 0.001; (B,D)). Scale bar = 20 μm. DM, diabetes mellitus; NAM, nicotinamide. GCL, ganglion cell layer. INL, inner nuclear layer. ONL, outer nuclear layer. *, significantly different as indicated (p < 0.05).