Table 3.
Patient-reported symptoms, vital signs and abnormalities measured during physical examination at hospital admission in the studied cohort.
| VariablesUnits | Low Risk [0–1] |
Medium [2–3] |
High Risk [≥4] |
OMNIBUS p Value |
p Value for Post-Hoc Analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Females N = 682 |
Males N = 735 |
Females N = 284 |
Males N = 208 |
Females N = 135 |
Males N = 139 |
Females | Males | Females | Males | |
| Patient-reported symptoms | ||||||||||
|
Cough n/n(%) |
219 (32.1) |
236 (32.1) |
71 (25.0) |
53 (25.5) |
27 (20.0) |
42 (30.2) |
0.0047 | 0.1859 | 0.102 a 0.0208 b 0.9427 c |
n/A |
|
Dyspnoea n/n(%) |
244 (35.8) |
325 (44.2) |
110 (38.7) |
96 (46.2) |
63 (46.7) |
83 (59.7) |
0.0551 | 0.0035 | N/A | 1.0 a 0.0033 b 0.0538 c |
|
Chest pain n/n(%) |
49 (7.2) |
53 (7.2) |
18 (6.3) |
16 (7.7) |
11 (8.1) |
16 (11.5) |
0.7855 | 0.2237 | N/A | N/A |
|
Smell dysfunction n/n(%) |
26 (3.8) |
35 (4.8) |
3 (1.1) |
7 (3.4) |
0 (0.0) |
5 (3.6) |
0.0039 | 0.6142 | 0.0656 a 0.0414 b 1.0 c |
N/A |
|
Diarrhoea n/n(%) |
37 (5.4) |
38 (5.2) |
22 (7.7) |
11 (5.3) |
11 (8.1) |
8 (5.8) |
0.2667 | 0.9606 | N/A | N/A |
|
Nausea/Vomiting n/n(%) |
36 (5.3) |
21 (2.9) |
18 (6.3) |
9 (4.3) |
11 (8.1) |
3 (2.2) |
0.4065 | 0.4662 | N/A | N/A |
| Measured vital signs | ||||||||||
|
Body temperature, °C mean ± SD/min-max/N |
37.1 ± 0.8 35.0–40.5 416 |
37.1 ± 0.9 34.4–40.0 393 |
36.9 ± 0.9 35.8–40.0 131 |
36.9 ± 1.0 35.0–40.0 104 |
36.8 ± 0.9 35.2–40.0 63 |
37.1 ± 0.8 35.5–40.0 78 |
0.0456 | 0.3888 | 0.3 a 0.07 b 0.588 c |
N/A |
| Heart rate, beats/minute mean ± SD/min-max/N | 85.9 ± 14.6 48–150 490 |
86.9 ± 16.5 48–160 555 |
84.6 ± 17.2 50–160 217 |
83.5 ± 15.5 52–140 170 |
87.4 ± 21.3 36–170 116 |
82.3 ± 15.8 58–140 124 |
0.4159 | 0.0035 | N/A |
0.045 a 0.012 b 0.773 c |
|
Respiratory rate breaths/minute mean ± SD/min-max/N |
17.9 ± 5.9 12–50 107 |
18.9 ± 5.7 12–50 97 |
17.8 ± 3.8 12–31 34 |
19.6 ± 6.7 12–45 34 |
19.0 ± 4.1 12–29 22 |
19.6 ± 7.6 12–50 24 |
0.5185 | 0.8014 | N/A | N/A |
|
Systolic blood pressure mmHg mean ± SD/min-max/N |
128.6 ± 21.3 74–240 488 |
132.6 ± 21.1 60–220 552 |
133.2 ± 24.2 50–210 216 |
135.6 ± 26.7 50–270 169 |
135.6 ± 25.5 70–210 117 |
133.5 ± 24.0 85–200 127 |
0.004 | 0.4149 |
0.042 a 0.018 b 0.687 c |
N/A |
|
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg mean ± SD/min-max/N |
77.4 ± 12.5 40–150 487 |
79.5 ± 12.7 40–130 550 |
77.1 ± 13.7 40–157 214 |
79.3 ± 13.5 45–150 166 |
7.5 ± 15.5 40–143 117 |
75.1 ± 15.2 40–120 127 |
0.8167 | 0.0091 | N/A | 0.986 a 0.007 b 0.034 c |
|
SpO2 on room air, % (FiO2 = 21%) mean ± SD/min-max/N |
94.4 ± 5.9 56–100 421 |
91.1 ± 7.9 48–99 393 |
90.8 ± 8.5 50–100 160 |
88.2 ± 10.9 50–99 121 |
91.2 ± 6.9 64–99 84 |
89.2 ± 9.9 50–99 83 |
<0.0001 | 0.0102 |
<0.0001 a 0.0003 b 0.934 c |
0.018 a 0.205 b 0.79 c |
| Abnormalities detected during physical examination | ||||||||||
|
Cracles n/n(%) |
62 (9.1) |
92 (12.5) |
47 (16.5) |
52 (25.0) |
30 (22.2) |
36 (25.9) |
<0.0001 | <0.0001 |
0.0038 a <0.0001 b 0.6164 c |
<0.0001 a 0.0002 b 1.0 c |
|
Wheezing n/n(%) |
32 (4.7) |
62 (8.4) |
23 (8.1) |
33 (15.9) |
32 (23.7) |
37 (26.6) |
<0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.1611 a <0.0001 b,c |
0.0078 a <0.0001 b 0.0628 c |
|
Pulmonarycongestion n/n(%) |
70 (10.3) |
114 (15.5) |
51 (18.0) |
54 (26.0) |
37 (27.4) |
41 (29.5) |
<0.0001 | <0.0001 |
0.0044 a <0.0001 b 0.1096 c |
0.0022 a 0.0004 b 1.0 c |
Categorized variables are presented as: a number with a percentage. Continuous variables are presented as: mean ± SD, range (minimum -maximum) and number of non-missing values. Information about the numbers with valid values is provided in the left column. Abbreviations: N, valid measurements; n, number of patients with parameter above the cut-off point; SD, standard deviation. OMNIBUS, analysis of variance; N/A, non-applicable, a low risk vs. medium risk, b low risk vs. high risk, c medium risk vs. high risk. Red color text = statistically significant values.