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. 2022 Mar 17;14(3):628. doi: 10.3390/v14030628

Table 5.

Patient initial and on discharge laboratory assay in the studied cohort after C2HEST risk stratification.

Parameter Time of Assessment Units Low Risk
[0–1]		 Medium
[2–3]		 High Risk
[≥4]		 p-Value
OMNIBUS		 p-Value for Post-Hoc Analysis
Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males
Biochemistry
Glucose
mean ± SD/min-max/N
On admission 		mg/dL 128.1 ± 67.0
61.0–671.0
425		 139.3 ± 79.5
28.0–933.0
638		 144.1 ± 74.9
54.0–662.0
257		 160.5 ± 110.3
47.0–1026.0
192		 149.1 ± 86.5
70–685
120		 152.0 ± 109.4
37.0–1064.0
126		 0.0035 0.0315 0.014 a
0.039 b
0.849 c 		0.038 a
0.433 b
0.779 c
On discharge 119.0 ± 56.0
37.0–595.0
425		 127.3 ± 78.8
50.0–1444.0
638		 136.4 ± 75.3
54.0–596.0
257		 150.7 ± 92.2
47.0–578.0
192		 144.8 ± 90.4
14.0–685.0
120		 143.5 ± 63.1
37.0–406.0
126		 0.0003 0.0012 0.004 a
0.01 b
0.653 c 		0.005 a
0.033 b
0.688 c
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)
mean ± SD/min-max/N
On admission 		% 7.1 ± 1.9
4.2–12.2
47		 7.9 ± 2.5
4.9–14.9
80		 7.9 ± 2.7
4.9–16.6
39		 7.2 ± 1.4
4.8–12.2
36		 7.2 ± 1.7
5.1–11.4
33		 7.4 ± 1.9
5.1–13.7
28		 0.3182 0.1497 N/A N/A
On discharge 7.0 ± 1.8
4.2–12.2
47		 7.8 ± 2,4
4.9–14.9
80		 7.9 ± 2.7
4.9–16.8
39		 7.1 ± 1.4
4.7–12.2
36		 7.2 ± 1.7
5.1–11.4
33		 7.4 ± 1.9
5.1–13.7
28		 0.2299 0.1563 N/A N/A
Urea
mean ± SD/min-max/N
On admission 		mg/dL 36.3 ± 35.1
7.0–301.0
481		 47.6 ± 35.8
5.0–307.0
664		 60.2 ± 50.6
8.0–353.0
256		 69.9 ± 47.5
15.0–271.0
199		 69.5 ± 48.9
12.0–336.0
124		 84.4 ± 57.1
17.0–369.0
133		 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001a,b
0.197 c 		<0.0001a,b
0.042 c
On discharge 35.5 ± 29.6
7.0–231.0
481		 44.9 ± 32.9
5.0–307.0
664		 59.0 ± 48.2
10.0–353.0
256		 75.6 ± 59.8
12.0–396.0
199		 66.9 ± 41.7
15.0–204.0
124		 88.9 ± 58.6
21.0–342.0
133		 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001a,b
0.236 c 		<0.0001a,b
0.11 c
Creatinine
mean ± SD/min-max/N
On admission 		mg/dL 1.0 ± 0.99
0.34–11.99
533		 1.26 ± 1.3
0.26–14.87
683		 1.22 ± 0.97
0.48–9.56
275		 1.76 ± 1.6
0.58–12.66
203		 1.58 ± 1.27
0.44–8.46
130		 2.02 ± 1.81
0.49–11.3
137		 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.008 a
< 0.0001 b
0.012 c 		0.0002 a
< 0.0001 b
0.369 c
On discharge 0.96 ± 0.86
0.34–9.11
533		 1.16 ± 1.18
0.26–14.87
683		 1.16 ± 0.92
0.45–9.06
275		 1.81 ± 1.72
0.43–12.35
203		 1.42 ± 1.21
0.43–7.66
130		 1.89 ± 1.58
0.43–9.27
137		 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.009 a
0.0002 b
0.084 c 		<0.0001a,b
0.877 c
eGFR
mean ± SD/min-max/N
On admission 		mL/min/1.73 m2 84.6 ± 32.1
0.0–207.0
531		 85.3 ± 35.9
3.0–433.0
680		 60.8 ± 25.0
4.0–136.0
275		 63.7 ± 33.1
4.0–149.0
203		 49.7 ± 26.4
5.0–145.0
130		 55.3 ± 32.0
5.0–180.0
137		 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.0 a
< 0.0001 b
0.0002 c 		0.0 a
0.0 b
0.054 c
On discharge 86.6 ± 32.1
0.0–207.0
531		 91.5 ± 36.5
3.0–433.0
680		 65.0 ± 26.6
4.0–148.0
275		 66.0 ± 36.1
4.0–208,0
203		 58.2 ± 30.3
5.0–147.0
130		 58.6 ± 35.7
6.0–209.0
137		 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.0 a
< 0.0001 b
0.076 c 		<0.0001a,b
0.147 c
Total protein
mean ± SD/min-max/N
On admission 		g/L 6.1 ± 0.8
3.9–8.2
145		 6.1 ± 0.8
3.5–8.1
186		 5.8 ± 0.8
3.6–8.2
78		 6.0 ± 1.0
4.2–9.5
74		 5.7 ± 0.9
3.3–8.1
62		 5.7 ± 0.9
3.4–8.2
61		 0.0235 0.0555 0.148 a
0.033 b
0.741 c 		N/A
On discharge 6.0 ± 0.9
3.9–8.2
145		 6.0 ± 0.9
3.0–8.1
186		 5.7 ± 0.9
3.7–8.2
78		 5.9 ± 0.9
4.3–9.1
74		 5.5 ± 1.0
3.3–8.1
62		 5.7 ± 0.9
3.4–7.8
61		 0.0012 0.0162 0.049 a
0.002 b
0.388 c 		0.799 a
0.012 b
0.158 c
Albumin
mean ± SD/min-max/N
On admission 		g/L 3.1 ± 0.6
1.6–4.6
152		 3.2 ± 0.6
1.5–5.1
222		 3.0 ± 0.5
1.1–4.3
78		 3.2 ± 0.6
2.1–4.4
82		 2.9 ± 0.6
0.7–3.7
62		 3.1 ± 0.6
1.5–4.9
67		 0.0134 0.3087 0.287 a
0.011 b
0.307 c 		N/A
On discharge 3.1 ± 0.6
1.1–4.6
152		 3.0 ± 0.7
0.4–5.1
222		 3.0 ± 0.5
1.9–4.2
78		 3.1 ± 0.6
1.7–4,4
82		 2.8 ± 0.5
1.4–3.7
62		 2.8 ± 0.7
0.9–4..5
67		 0.005 0.0549 0.64 a
0.004 b
0.277 c 		N/A
AST
mean ± SD/min-max/N
On admission = 		IU/L 56.8 ± 139.7
6.0–2405.0
384		 62.7 ± 89.4
5.0–1261.0
499		 72.7 ± 343.6
8.0–4776
193		 58.8 ± 49.5
7.0–323.0
154		 113.5 ± 450.8
8.0–3866.0
104		 60.2 ± 101.8
10.0–731.0
107		 0.3869 0.7844 N/A N/A
On discharge 123.4 ± 1244.4
10.0–23,896.0
384		 68.3 ± 255.1
5.0–3761.0
499		 43.3 ± 46.5
8.0–380.0
193		 107.5 ± 537.6
11.0–6591.0
154		 148.9 ± 702.4
8.0–6088.0
104		 97.4 ± 402.4
7.0–4019.0
107		 0.1438 0.5525 N/A N/A
ALT
mean ± SD/min-max/N
On admission 		IU/L 47.0 ± 87.7
5.0–1411.0
435		 61.4 ± 96.4
4.0–1278.0
537		 52.2 ± 251.2
5.0–3700.0
219		 45.0 ± 43.2
4.0–270.0
172		 57.1 ± 183.6
5.0–1361.0
112		 46.7 ± 88.2
6.0–612.0
113		 0.8212 0.0081 N/A 0.006 a
0.256 b
0.98 c
On discharge 65.5 ± 265.4
6.0–5163.0
435		 74.3 ± 105.0
4.0–1217.0
537		 38.5 ± 46.1
5.0–449.0
219		 65.1 ± 124.7
7.0–1247.0
172		 74.4 ± 308.8
5.0–2985.0
112		 71.4 ± 207.3
9.0–1570.0
113		 0.0624 0.6835 N/A N/A
Bilirubin
mean ± SD/min-max/N
On admission 		mg/dL 0.78 ± 1.68
0.1–19.1
363		 0.88 ± 1.24
0.1–15.1
489		 0.85 ± 0.88
0.2–9.2
195		 0.80 ± 0.49
0.2–3.1
157		 0.77 ± 0.51
0.1–4.2
100		 0.98 ± 0.84
0.3–6.6
103		 0.5771 0.1292 N/A N/A
On discharge 0.77 ± 1.65
0.1–19.0
363		 0.95 ± 1.91
0.1–25.9
489		 0.95 ± 2.55
0.2–35.3
195		 0.76 ± 0.47
0.2–3.1
157		 0.78 ± 0.67
0.3–6.1
100		 1.06 ± 1.33
0.2–12.8
103		 0.6611 0.0224 N/A 0.123 a
0.754 b
0.08 c
LDH
mean ± SD/min-max/N
On admission 		U/L 404.5 ± 478.5
50.0–7100.0
328		 448.6 ± 282.2
120.0–3194.0
448		 368.2 ± 189.8
44.0–1357.0
156		 418.9 ± 212.9
134.0–1172.0
130		 468.1 ± 1015.3
71.0–9505.0
83		 416.9 ± 269.7
113.0–1863.0
86		 0.3576 0.3427 N/A N/A
On discharge 387.2 ± 739.3
50.0–11,227.0
328		 389.2 ± 396.2
93.0–6577.0
448		 340.3 ± 167.3
44.0–1357.0
156		 407.1 ± 243.5
112.0–1584.0
130		 474.0 ± 1028.1
106.0–9505.0
83		 388.8 ± 215.4
97.0–1260.0
86		 0.292 0.7848 N/A N/A
Cardiacbiomarkers
BNP
mean ± SD/min-max/N
On admission 		pg/mL 152.5 ± 241.1
1.7–1130.8
54		 254.1 ± 763.7
1.7–6924.2
107		 455.4 ± 872.4
10.1–4890.6
50		 433.3 ± 747.2
3.0–3153.2
50		 711.7 ± 995.6
22.3–4993.0
56		 1432.8 ± 2864.5
5.9–13,368.4
42		 <0.0001 0.0206 0.054 a
0.0004 b
0.338 c 		0.35 a
0.031 b
0.082 c
On discharge 177.7 ± 308.1
5.3–1877.0
54		 239.8 ± 753.1
1.7–6924.2
107		 536.1 ± 1562.6
10.1–10,622.8
50		 396.2 ± 697.6
3.0–3153.2
50		 592.3 ± 769.1
22.3–3729.8
56		 1389.2 ± 2735.4
11.9–13,368.4
42		 0.0008 0.0206 0.257 a
0.001 b
0.971 c 		0.412 a
0.027 b
0.067 c
NT-proBNP
mean ± SD/min-max/N
On admission 		ng/mL 1467.1± 3250.7
18.7–16,551.7
62		 2126.5± 9426.7
12.0–70,000.0
110		 6608.9± 12,708.7
49.6–70,000.0
54		 10,323.4 ± 16,141.4
18.2–70,000.0
55		 14,888.1 ± 18,982.5
119.6–70,000.0
43		 13,522.6 ± 19,276.7
343.7–70,000.0
55		 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.015 a
0.0001 b
0.043 c 		0.002 a
0.0003 b
0.614 c
On discharge 1694.0 ± 5047.8
28.5–35,000.0
62		 1893.4 ± 7660.6
12.0–70,000.0
110		 7852.3 ± 15,159.0
49.6–70,000.0
54		 10,661.5 ± 16,202.2
18.2–70,000.0
55		 13,084.8 ± 17,275.9
119.6–69,519.7
43		 13,265.6 ± 17,873.3
391.3–70,000.0
55		 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.016 a
0.0003 b
0.267 c 		0.0009 a
<0.0001 b
0.703 c
Troponin I,
mean ± SD/min-max/N
On admission 		ng/mL 53.1 ± 211.1
0.0–1994.8
263		 189.6 ± 1015.9
1.3–11,758.2
415		 658.5 ± 7215.3
1.9–94,365.5
171		 3044.2 ± 15,485.9
1.0–125,592.6
134		 988.4 ± 3316.8
3.3–21,022.9
94		 542.0 ± 1724.6
4.8–14,128.8
97		 0.015 0.0185 0.517 a
0.02 b
0.867 c 		0.087 a
0.133 b
0.156 c
On discharge 105.7 ± 873.1
0.2–12,391.6
263		 124.0 ± 797.8
0.8–11,758.2
415		 692.7 ± 7243.6
1.9–94,365.5
171		 3359.3 ± 18,244.2
0.8–174,652.6
134		 838.2 ± 3666.2
1.8–29.828.3
94		 493.1 ± 1504.8
4.8–12,657.2
97		 0.0977 0.0095 N/A 0.104 a
0.055 b
0.17 c
n/n(%)/N =
F: >46.8 ng/mL
M: >102.6 ng/mL
 >3-fold upper range 46
17.5
263		 67
16.1
415		 51
29.8
171		 47
35.1
134		 49
52.1
94		 38
39.2
97		 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.0113 a
<0.0001b
0.0017 c 		<0.0001a,b
1.0 c
LDL-cholesterol
mean ± SD/min-max/N
On admission 		mg/dL 106.8 ± 64.8
6.0–510.0
85		 96.2 ± 40.5
27.0–242.0
147		 93.9 ± 39.7
23.0–199.0
69		 79.4 ± 40.6
17.0–230.0
60		 83.3 ± 44.2
14.0–187.0
49		 64.2 ± 37.6
6.0–210.0
39		 0.0498 <0.0001 0.283 a
0.038 b
0.381 c 		0.022 a
<0.0001 b
0.142 c
HDL-cholesterol
mean ± SD/min-max/N
On admission 		mg/dL 43.9 ± 17.9
2.0–120.0
86		 37.7 ± 14.5
10.0–101.0
150		 44.5 ± 16.7
12.0–110.0
69		 35.2 ± 11.9
7.0–66.0
60		 39.8 ± 17.5
8.0–79.0
48		 34.0 ± 10.3
17.0–61.0
38		 0.303979 0.154387 N/A N/A
Triglycerides
mean ± SD/min-max/N
On admission 		mg/dL 189.4 ± 154.5
40.0–1100.0
122		 173.7 ± 105.1
44.0–664.0
237		 141.0 ± 94.5
48.0–595.0
83		 148.0 ± 98.8
50.0–550.0
81		 133.4 ± 56.7
46.0–282.0
60		 124.8 ± 66.9
51.0–413.0
56		 0.0022 0.0001 0.016 a
0.001 b
0.817 c 		0.117 a
<0.0001 b
0.232 c
Hormones
25-hydroxy-vitamin D
mean ± SD/min-max/N
On admission 		ng/mL 27.4 ± 21.8
3.5–146.1
99		 23.4 ± 15.0
3.5–126.4
206		 26.1 ± 17.2
3.5–77.7
63		 22.9 ± 15.4
5.1–75.6
45		 22.4 ± 16.8
3.5–63.5
36		 14.5 ± 9.6
3.5–39.1
25		 0.3738 0.0006 N/A 0.974 a
0.0006 b
0.018 c
TSH
mean ± SD/min-max/N
On admission 		mIU/L 1.55 ± 2.0
0.01–18.6
186		 1.2 ± 1.06
0.0–6.33
255		 1.72 ± 2.98
0.01–28.81
137		 1.31 ± 1.39
0.01–8.28
95		 2.74 ±5.04
0.0–38.24
85		 1.43 ± 1.25
0.0–6.36
62		 0.1063 0.3834 N/A N/A

Continuous variables are presented as: mean ± SD. range (minimum -maximum) and number of non-missing values. Categorized variables are presented as: a number with a percentage. Information about the numbers with valid values is provided in the left column. Abbreviations: N, valid measurements; n, number of patients with parameter above cut-off point; SD, standard deviation. OMNIBUS, analysis of variance; N/A, non-applicable, a low risk vs. medium risk, b low risk vs. high risk, c medium risk vs. high risk. Red text = statistically significant values.