Retinal thickness (upper panel), percentage of retinal area covered by cells (middle panel), and percentage of retinal area covered by extracellular material (lower panel) in retinas from non-diabetic control rats (NDR); two-month follow-up diabetic rats (DR); and DR treated with hydroxytyrosol 5 mg/kg/day (HT-5), 3,4-dihydroxyphenyglycol 0.5 or 1 mg/kg/day (DHPG-0.5 or DHPG-1), HT-5 plus DHPG-0.5, or DHPG-1, p.o. for two months. n = 10 rats per group. +
p < 0.05 with respect to NDR. * p < 0.05 with respect to DR. a
p < 0.05 with respect to DHPG-0.5 and DHPG-1. b
p < 0.05 with respect to HT-5.