Table 2.
Oxidative and nitrosative stress parameters (mean ± standard deviation) in brain slices after the hypoxia–reoxygenation period of healthy rats (NDR); diabetic rats (DR); and DR treated with hydroxytyrosol 5 mg/kg/day p.o. (HT-5), 3′,4′-dihidroxifenilglicol 0.5, or 1 mg/kg/day p.o. (DHPG-0.5, DHPG-1) or their associations. n = 10 rats per group.
| Parameter | NDR | DR | HT-5 | DHPG-0.5 | DHPG-1 | HT-5+DHPG-0.5 | HT-5+DHPG-1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TBARS (nmol/mL) | 761 ± 106 | 1746 ± 274 + | 492 ± 60.5 * | 484 ± 77.8 * | 285 ± 58.6 * | 165 ± 33.1 *ac | 126 ± 23.9 *ac |
| 8-OHdG (ng/mL) | 188 ± 18.7 | 577 ± 33.8 + | 158 ± 17.7 * | 117 ± 15.5 * | 137 ± 28.9 *a | 38.3 ± 6.3 *bc | 24.3 ± 4.4 *bc |
| GHS (nmol/mL) | 258 ± 39.9 | 107 ± 13.2 + | 110 ± 7.4 | 106 ± 13.2 c | 129 ± 32.3 c | 181 ± 6.0 * | 187 ± 4.3 * |
| GSHpx (nmol/min/mL) | 60.8 ± 8.9 | 87.3 ± 3.4 | 78.1 ± 6.4 | 85.0 ± 3.8 | 72.5 ± 2.4 | 70.8 ± 4.1 | 74.5 ± 2.8 |
| TAC (U/mL) | 745 ± 22.9 | 506 ± 52.5 + | 732 ± 25.5 * | 533 ± 25.7 | 739 ± 20.2 * | 752 ± 24.4 * | 745 ± 22.9 * |
| 3-nitrotyrosine (pg/mL) | 105 ± 10.2 | 223 ± 26.4 + | 161± 5.8 | 180 ± 16.1 | 149 ± 4.8 * | 154 ± 8.8 * | 149 ± 13.2 * |
8-OHdG: 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine; GSH: reduced glutathione; GSHpx: glutathione peroxidase activity; TAC: total antioxidant capacity; TBARS: thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. + p < 0.05 with respect to NDR. * p < 0.05 with respect to DR. a p < 0.05 with respect to DHPG-0.5. b p < 0.05 with respect to DHPG-0.5 and DHPG-1. c p < 0.05 with respect to HT-5.