Table 1.

Comparison of several wireless TCM tool-embedded sensor nodes.

Author	Forces			Vibrations	Temperature	Wireless Protocol
	Axis 1	Design	Sensors	Axis		(Data Rate)
Zhou et al. [20]	-	-	-	x, y, z	-	Wi-Fi (40,000 S/channel)
Luo et al. [102]	Fx, Fy, Fz	Under inserts	PVDF	-	-	Wi-Fi (20,000 S/channel)
Xie et al. [79]	Fx, Fy, Fz, Mz	Modified tool holder	Capacitive	x	-	Wi-Fi (5000 S/channel)
SPIKE [80,108]	Mx, My, Mz	Unknown	Unknown	-	-	Wi-Fi (2500 S/channel)
Wu et al. [106]	Fz, Mz	Modified tool holder	Strain gauge	-	-	Wi-Fi (1000 S/channel)
Nguyen et al. [95]	Mz	On the tool holder	PVDF	-	-	Bluetooth (13,000 S/channel)
iTENDO [81,111]	-	-	-	x	-	Bluetooth (9500 S/channel)
Qin et al. [91]	Fz, Mz	Flexible element	MEMS	x	-	Zigbee (250 Kbps)
Rizal et al. [84]	Fx, Fy, Fz, Mz	Flexible element	Strain gauge	z	√	Telemetry (5000 S/channel)

¹ F_x, F_y, and F_z are cutting forces and M_x, M_y, and M_z are moments in x, y, and z-directions, respectively.