Table 4.

Short summary of the interaction risk of the reviewed plants in RA, IBD, and osteoarthritis treatment. Details can be found in Table 3 and Section 3.2.

Interaction Potential	Plants
High interaction potential, may affect several drugs	St John’s wort, cannabis (3.2.2.), green tea (3.2.9.), echinacea (3.2.4.)
Moderate interaction potential; few drugs or lower level of evidence	Flax seed, ginger, meadowsweet, psyllium, valerian, willow bark (3.2.11.)
Generally low interaction potential, but possible interaction with cyclosporine/tacrolimus via CYP or pGP (case reports or in vitro data; Table 3)	Boswellia, chamomile, cranberry, devil’s claw (3.2.3.), garlic (3.2.6.), ginseng (3.2.7.), milk thistle, peppermint, turmeric (3.2.10.)
No interactions reported/very low-risk	Artichoke, ash leaf, blackcurrant leaf, English plantain, fennel, lemon balm, lime/linden flowers, nettle herb, rose hip, saw palmetto, soybean, wormwood