Table 3.
Inflammatory, oxidative stress, and gut barrier integrity markers over time within and between groups.
| Brown Seaweed Extract (n = 27) | Placebo (n = 29) | p IxG 3 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre 1 | Post 1 | p I 2 | Pre 1 | Post 1 | p I 2 | ||
| hsCRP (mg/L) † | 3.0 ± 1.9 | 3.6 ± 2.7 | 0.67 | 2.7 ± 1.6 | 3.4 ± 2.6 | 0.88 | 0.84 |
| F2-isoprostane (8-iso PGF2α) × 10−1 ng/mL | 2.2 ± 0.8 | 2.4 ± 0.8 | 0.65 | 2.5 ± 1.9 | 3.0 ± 2.3 | 0.53 | 0.76 |
| LBP × 103 (ng/mL) | 6.4 ± 1.9 | 8.3 ± 1.8 | 0.002 | 6.8 ± 1.3 | 7.7 ± 1.9 | 0.17 | 0.20 |
| Zonulin (ng/mL) | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 1.2 ± 1.0 | 0.60 | 1.7 ± 1.0 | 1.9 ± 1.1 | 0.53 | 0.42 |
hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LBP, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein. † n = 53 for hsCRP; n = 54 for LBP; n = 55 for zonulin. 1 A repeated-measures ANOVA with two factors (treatment, post-pre phase) was performed to compare changes over time (post-pre) between groups. Mean ± SD pre-intervention (at the beginning of the 12-week trial) and post-intervention (at the end of the 12-week trial). 2 p-value to compare changes over time from the baseline to 12 weeks (pre vs. post) within each group (placebo or brown seaweed extract). 3 p-value to compare change over time (pre vs. post) between groups (placebo vs. brown seaweed extract).