Table 3.
Baseline characteristics of the study population.
| INOCA (n = 18) |
ObCCS (n = 20) |
p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | |||
| Age, yrs | 61 ± 9 | 69 ± 9 | 0.01 * |
| Sex, male/female | 14/4 | 15/5 | 0.57 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27 ± 3 | 27 ± 2 | 0.67 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | |||
| Hypertension (%) | 17 (94) | 17 (85) | 0.61 |
| Dyslipidemia (%) | 12 (67) | 16 (80) | 0.47 |
| Smoke (%) | 12 (67) | 13 (65) | 0.59 |
| Family history of IHD (%) | 8 (44) | 11 (55) | 0.75 |
| Obesity (%) | 3 (17) | 2 (10) | 0.65 |
| Diabetes (%) | 5 (28) | 3 (15) | 0.44 |
| History | |||
| Previous ACS (%) | 2 (11) | 4 (20) | 0.56 |
| Previous PCI (%) | 0 (0) | 12 (60) | <0.001 * |
| Previous CABG (%) | 0 (0) | 1 (5) | 0.53 |
| Medications (at the time of blood sampling) | |||
| Aspirin (%) | 13 (72) | 19 (95) | 0.08 |
| P2Y12 receptor inhibitors (%) | 3 (18) | 12 (63) | 0.01 * |
| ACE inhibitors (%) | 6 (33) | 7 (35) | 1 |
| ARBs (%) | 5 (28) | 7 (35) | 0.73 |
| Calcium-channel blockers (%) | 2 (18) | 2 (10) | 0.68 |
| Statins (%) | 10 (56) | 19 (95) | 0.01 * |
| β-Blockers (%) | 9 (50) | 16 (80) | 0.09 |
| Diuretic agents (%) | 5 (28) | 2 (10) | 0.22 |
| Oral antidiabetic drugs (%) | 4 (22) | 2 (10) | 0.40 |
| Anticoagulant drugs (%) | 0 (0) | 1 (5) | 1 |
| Insulin (%) | 1 (6) | 1 (5) | 1 |
| Laboratory assay | |||
| cTnI > 0.004 ng/mL | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NA |
| Haemoglobin, g/dL | 13.3 ± 3.5 | 14.1 ± 1.5 | 0.73 |
| Lymphocyte count, 109/l | 2.1 ± 0.8 | 2.3 ± 0.8 | 0.70 |
| Platelets, 103/mL | 230 ± 66 | 212 ± 33 | 0.30 |
| Glycemia, mg/dL | 92 ± 13 | 92 ± 18 | 0.29 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 160 ± 27 | 150 ± 31 | 0.31 |
| LDL, mg/dL | 90 ± 24 | 88 ± 24 | 0.86 |
| HDL, mg/dL | 49 ± 8 | 44 ± 11 | 0.18 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 104 ± 33 | 128 ± 60 | 0.17 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.89 ± 0.16 | 0.95 ± 0.18 | 0.27 |
| hs-CRP, mg/L | 3 ± 3 | 7.2 ± 1.8 | 0.72 |
| In-hospital management | |||
| Multivessel disease (%) | 0 (0) | 16 (80) | <0.001 * |
| LVEF ≥ 50% (%) | 18 (100) | 19 (95) | 1 |
| PCI for index event | 0 (0) | 15 (75) | <0.001 * |
| CABG for index event | 0 (0) | 3 (15) | 0.23 |
| OMT for index event | 18 (100) | 2 (10) | <0.001 * |
ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; ACS = acute coronary syndromes; ARBs = angiotensin II receptor blockers; BMI = body mass index; CABG = coronary artery bypass grafting; cTnI = cardiac troponin I; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; hs-CRP = high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; INOCA = ischemia with non-obstructive coronary artery; IHD = ischemic heart disease; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; NA = not available; ObCCS = obstructive chronic coronary syndrome; OMT = optimal medical treatment; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention. Values are mean ± SD, n, n (%). Statistical significance (*) p-value < 0.05. Therapies refer to the time of blood withdrawal.