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. 2022 Mar 20;23(6):3361. doi: 10.3390/ijms23063361

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Gut microbiota α- and β-diversity and profiles. Male rats had intraperitoneal injections of scopolamine (2 mg/kg body weight/day) at 30 min after daily feeding of casein (MD-control), porcine brain enzyme hydrolysates (PBEH; 7 mg total nitrogen/mL) at 0.053 mL (Low-PBEH), 0.159 mL (Medium-PBEH), 0.478 mL (High-PBEH), or 10 mg donepezil (Positive-control) per kilogram body weight per day for six weeks. (A) Chao1 index of fecal bacteria; (B) Shannon index of fecal bacteria; (C) principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of fecal bacteria; (D) relative amounts (%) of fecal samples at the family level; (E) relative amounts (%) of fecal samples at the genus level. Bars and error bars represent the means ± standard deviations (n = 10). ^a,b Different superscript letters on the bars indicated a significant difference among the groups by Tukey test at p < 0.05.

Gut microbiota α- and β-diversity and profiles. Male rats had intraperitoneal injections of scopolamine (2 mg/kg body weight/day) at 30 min after daily feeding of casein (MD-control), porcine brain enzyme hydrolysates (PBEH; 7 mg total nitrogen/mL) at 0.053 mL (Low-PBEH), 0.159 mL (Medium-PBEH), 0.478 mL (High-PBEH), or 10 mg donepezil (Positive-control) per kilogram body weight per day for six weeks. (A) Chao1 index of fecal bacteria; (B) Shannon index of fecal bacteria; (C) principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of fecal bacteria; (D) relative amounts (%) of fecal samples at the family level; (E) relative amounts (%) of fecal samples at the genus level. Bars and error bars represent the means ± standard deviations (n = 10). ^a,b Different superscript letters on the bars indicated a significant difference among the groups by Tukey test at p < 0.05.