Table 2.

Main clinical and biological manifestations of vitamin B12 deficiency.

Hematological	Macrocytosis Aregenerative macrocytic anemia Medullary megaloblastosis Hypersegmentation of neutrophils Elevation of bilirubin and LDH Decrease in haptoglobin Thrombocytopenia and neutropenia Pancytopenia Thrombotic pseudomicroangiopathy (schistocytes)
Digestive and cutaneous	Jaundice Atrophic glossitis Recurrent mucocutaneous ulcerations Hyperpigmentation
Neurological and psychiatric	Peripheral neuropathy Ataxia, cerebellar syndrome Combined sclerosis of the spinal cord Damage to the cranial nerves (optic neuritis) Urinary and/or fecal incontinence Impairment of higher cognitive functions Depression, psychosis