Table 7.

Summary of empirical studies and findings.

Approach to Achieving Sustainable Well-Being	Problems with Existing Evidence	Current Examination	Relationship with Overall Materialism	Differential Relationships with Materialism Subcomponents
Sufficiency attitudes (Preference for sustainable lifestyle choices such that the individual consumes just enough to achieve optimal well-being)	No existing evidence	Study 1: 310 German adults complete sufficiency attitude scale [93] and MVS [65,97].	Negative association (β = −0.59, p < 0.01) demographics controlled for	centrality (r = −0.57) = success (r = −0.59) > happiness (r = −0.45)
Mindfulness (Deliberate focusing of attention on the present moment whereby mental states are observed rather than automatically reacted to)	Few studies, and have only focused on a single-faceted measure of mindfulness	Study 2: 493 adults from UK households, university and meditation groups complete MVS [65,97] and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) [100].	Negative association (β = −0.14, p < 0.05) demographics controlled forGreatest negative effects for non-judgemental and acting with awareness aspects of mindfulness	centrality (r = −0.12) = success (r = −0.11) = happiness (r = −0.17)
Flow experiences (Dedication of all attention to an activity leading to feelings of total immersion, oneness with the activity, and lack of self-consciousness)	Few studies, and have only utilised measures of flow proneness that do not include all proposed characteristics of flow	Study 3: 2000 adults from UK nationally representative survey completed MVS [65,97] and Short Dispositional Flow Scale 2 (Short DFS2) [105].	Negative association (β = −0.14, p < 0.01) demographics controlled for	success (r = −0.04) < centrality (r = −0.13) < happiness (r = −0.21)