Table 3.

Bias-corrected bootstrap test results on the mediating effects.

Path	β	SE	t	p	95% CI
Model 1 (Anxiety)
GM1→ENT2→ANX3	−0.003	0.002	−1.709	0.087	[−0.008, 0.000]
GM1→PSU2→ANX3	−0.004	0.002	−2.023	0.043	[−0.009, −0.001]
GM1→ENT2→PSU2→ANX3	−0.002	0.001	−2.077	0.038	[−0.005, −0.001]
GM1→ENT2→ANX2→ANX3	−0.001	0.001	−1.786	0.074	[−0.002, 0.000]
GM1→PSU2→ANX2→ANX3	−0.004	0.001	−2.846	0.004	[−0.007, −0.001]
GM1→ENT2→PSU2→ANX2→ANX3	−0.002	0.001	−3.234	0.001	[−0.004, −0.001]
Total indirect effect	−0.016	0.004	−3.965	<0.001	[−0.026, −0.009]
Direct effect	−0.036	0.018	−1.980	0.048	[−0.074, −0.001]
Total effect	−0.053	0.019	−2.851	0.004	[−0.093, −0.020]
Model 2 (Depression)
GM1→ENT2→DEP3	0.002	0.002	1.289	0.198	[0.000, 0.007]
GM1→PSU2→DEP3	−0.006	0.002	−2.389	0.017	[−0.012, −0.002]
GM1→ENT2→PSU2→DEP3	−0.004	0.001	−2.524	0.012	[−0.007, −0.001]
GM1→ENT2→DEP2→DEP3	−0.001	0.001	−2.004	0.045	[−0.003, 0.000]
GM1→PSU2→DEP2→DEP3	−0.005	0.002	−2.839	0.005	[−0.008, −0.002]
GM1→ENT2→PSU2→DEP2→DEP3	−0.003	0.001	−3.325	0.001	[−0.005, −0.001]
Total indirect effect	−0.016	0.004	−3.521	<0.001	[−0.026, −0.008]
Direct effect	−0.058	0.019	−3.095	0.002	[−0.099, −0.022]
Total effect	−0.074	0.019	−3.929	<0.001	[−0.112, −0.036]

Note: Number of bootstrap samples = 1000. CI = confidence interval; GM = growth mindset; ENT = smartphone use for entertainment; PSU = problematic smartphone use; ANX = anxiety; DEP = depression. The number after the variable name indicates the wave in which the variable was measured.