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. 2022 Mar 16;58(3):430. doi: 10.3390/medicina58030430

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Molecular responses that are elicited by MTF; some are influenced by sex hormones. Insulin-like Growth Factor-1, INS: Insulin, IGF-1-R: Insulin-like Growth Factor-1-Receptor, INS-R: Insulin Receptor, PI3K: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase, Akt: Serine/threonine protein kinase B, AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase, SIRT1: Sirtuin 1, FOXO1: Forkhead box protein O1, FOXO2: Forkhead box protein O2, p53: Tumor protein p53, NFκB: Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin, p21: Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1, ROS: Reactive oxygen species, E2: Estradiol, ERβ: Estrogen receptor β, (+): activation, (−): inhibition, drawn with data from [10,11,12,13].