Table 8.
Examples of inorganic/organic nanohybrid as nanostructure for oral insulin delivery nanosystems.
| Materials | Method | Active Components | EE%; LE% |
Size (nm); PDI | Zeta-Potential (mV) |
In Vitro Release Study | Dose (IU kg−1) |
In Vivo Studies | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mesoporous silica nanoparticles | Physical adsorption method | KLPVM peptide | 80; 18 |
263.5; 0.175 |
−0.49 | pH 6.8, 6 h, 40.52% | 100 | rBA, 2.84% | [135] |
| Hydroxyapatite, PEG | Homogeneous precipitation method, esterification reaction, amidation reaction | Gallic acid | 45–60; - |
150; - |
30–40 | - | 50 | - | [49] |
| Iron-based MOF, mPEG-b-PLLA, SDS | Oil/water emulsion | SDS, PEG | 51.6; 35 |
~100; - | −18.33 | pH 6.8, 12 h, 20%; pH 7.4, 12 h, 50%; pH 5.4, 12 h, 0% |
50 | rPA, 7.8% | [93] |
| Mesoporous silica nanoparticles | Aqueous polymerization and physical adsorption | APBA | 77~89; 18~21 |
202.8; 0.078 |
−27.3 | pH 1.2, 5 h, 15.2%; pH 7.4, 5 h, 18.8%; pH 7.4 (glucose 5 mM), 5 h, 80% |
25 | rBA, 3.1% | [136] |
| Porous silicon nanoparticles | Immersion method | Poly (pyridyl di-sulfide ethylene phosphate), Dodecyl sulfobetaine |
~74; 10.3 |
241; 0.29 |
6.6 | pH 1.2, 0~2 h, <1%; pH 6.8, 2~8 h, 35% |
50 | rBA, 4.36% | [137] |
mPEG-b-PLLA: Poly (ethylene glycol)-block-poly(L-lactide); APBA: 3-amidophenylboronic acid.