Table 1.

Effects of TC and EC smoking on hemodynamic parameters and on sympathetic activity.

Parameter	Baseline	TC Phase 1	TC Phase 2	p	Baseline	EC Phase 1	EC Phase 2	p
Systolic BP (mmHg)	117 ± 5	126 ± 6	129 ± 5	<0.001	119 ± 5	127 ± 6	133 ± 5	<0.001
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	67 ± 3	71 ± 3	73 ± 3	<0.001	68 ± 4	72 ± 4	75 ± 5	<0.001
Heart rate (bpm)	64 ± 5	72 ± 6	76 ± 5	<0.001	66 ± 6	71 ± 6	75 ± 8	<0.001
MAP (mmHg)	84 ± 3	90 ± 3	92 ± 3	<0.001	84 ± 3	90 ± 3	94 ± 4	<0.001
MSNA (bursts/min)	23 ± 3	17 ± 3	17 ± 4	<0.001	24 ± 3	16 ± 4	16 ± 3	<0.001
SSNA (bursts/min)	13 ± 2	22 ± 3	23 ± 3	<0.001	13 ± 2	20 ± 2	22 ± 2	<0.001
Plasma NE (pg/mL)	168 ± 19	170 ± 22	182 ± 27	0.002	173 ± 22	185 ± 17	231 ± 30	0.003

BP, blood pressure; EC, electronic cigarette; MAP, mean arterial pressure; MSNA, muscle sympathetic nerve activity; NE, norepinephrine; SSNA, skin sympathetic nerve activity; TC, tobacco cigarette. p-values for differences within a session were obtained by post hoc tests (planned contrasts). Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). All tests were two-sided and p < 0.002 was considered significant after Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons.