Figure 5.

Effects of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) on the accumulation of H₂O₂, O₂⁻, and malonaldehyde (MDA) in rice seeds under salt stress. Seeds of Nipponbare were incubated in distilled water (CK), 150 mM NaCl (Salt), and 150 mM NaCl + 0.1 mM SA (Salt + SA) for 1, 3, and 5 days. The accumulation of H₂O₂ (A), O₂⁻ (B), and MDA (C) in seeds subjected to the different treatments and incubation times are compared. Data are presented as means ± SE. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments (p < 0.05).