Table 1.

Roles of the Tol/Pal system in Gram-negative pathogens.

Bacterial Species	Pathogenesis	References
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC)	Secretion of the T3SS effector proteins, A/E lesion formation, Flagellar synthesis	[34]
Citrobacter rodentium	Lethality and Enteritis in mouse	[34]
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC)	Flagellar synthesis, Bacterial colonization within bladder epithelial cells and in the urinary tract of mice	[35]
Escherichia coli	Development of sepsis	[36]
Salmonella enterica (Typhimurium)	Bacterial survival in macrophage and mouse, Innate tolerance to bile acid and serum	[37,38,39,40]
Salmonella enterica (Choleraesuis)	Lethality in mice, innate tolerance to deoxycholate and vancomycin	[41]
Shigella flexneri	Bacterial invasion and growth in epithelial cells, Innate tolerance to antibiotics, bile acid and human complement	[42]
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Bacterial growth	[43,44,45]
Burkholderia cenocepacia	Bacterial adhesion to lung cells, Lethality in G. mellonella	[46]
Klebsiella pneumoniae	Innate tolerance to serum and phagocytosis, Lethality in mice	[47,48]
Haemophilus ducreyi	Papules formation, Bacterial survival	[49,50]
Vibrio cholerae	Uptake of the CTXphi phase, Bacterial growth at high temperature	[33]
Edwardsiella ictaluri	Mortality in catfish	[51]
Dickeya dadantii (Erwinia chrysanthemi)	Activity of pectinolytic enzyme, Motility, Tissue injury on plant leaf	[52]