Table 2.

Application of Ethnoveterinary Medicine in Poultry.

Scientific Name	Local Name	Parts Used	Ethnoveterinary Use	References
Sophora flavescens	Shrubby sophora	Decoction	Eimeria tenella	[82]
P. nigrumand U. dioica	Black paper and nettle	Ethanolic extract	Coccidial species	[29,83]
Artemisia afra	Mugwort	Acetone extract	Eimeria tenella	[84,85]
Q. infectoria,R. chinensis, and T. Chebula	Aleppo oak, Chinese rose, black/chebulic myrobalan	Ground powder	E. tenella, E. acervulina, E. maxima	[86]
Allium sativum andPiper nigrum	garlic and black pepper	Garlic cloves and black piper kernels	Eimeria columbae & Capillaria obsignata	[87]
C. swynnertonii	guggul	Ethanolic resinous extract	Oocyst	[88]
Thuja plicata Donn ex. D. Don	Western red cedar	shavings	Red bird mites	[89,90]
Nicotiana rustica	Wild tobacco	Chopped dried stems	Red bird mites	[91]
Nicotiana rustica	Wild tobacco	Chopped stem, seed pods, and leaves	External parasites poultry	[91]
Nicotiana rustica	Wild tobacco	Handful of crumbled dry leaves or decoction	Endoparasites poultry	[91]
Azadirachta indica	Neem	Neem oil	Filariasis	[92]
Mentha longifolia	Horsemint	Leaves	Ascaridia galli	[93]
Nigella sativa	Black cumin	Plant Extract	Helminths	[59]
Eugenol	Clove oil	Aromatic clove oil	Haemoproteus columbae	[94]
Taraxacum officinalis weber	Common dandelion	Whole plant	Endoparasites poultry	[95,96]
Symphytum officinalis	comfrey	Whole plant	Endoparasites poultry	[29,81]
Arctium lappa	Common burdock	Whole plant	Endoparasites poultry	[96,97]
Artemisia vulgaris	Mugwort	Whole plant	Endoparasites poultry	[98,99]
Acorus gramineus	Grassy leaved sweet	Whole plant	Avian trichosporon	[100]
Azadirachta indica	Neem	Whole plant	Ascaridia galli	[101]
L. stoechas	Spanish lavender	Essential oil	Coccidial infection	[102]
L. nobilis	Sweet bay	Essential oil	Coccidial infection	[102]
M. oleifera	Moringa	Acetone leaves extract	Coccidial infection	[103]
Cinnamon	Dalchini	Bark (Volatile oil)	E. acervulina	[104]
Echinacea purpurea	Eastern purple coneflower	Whole plant extract	E. acervulina	[104,105]
Aloe barbadensis miller	Aloe vera	Polysaccharides (maltose, glucose, sucrose)	Coccidiosis (Immunotherapeutic)	[106]