Table 3.

GPE effect on the gene expression of inflammatory mediators in Caco-2 cells under inflammatory conditions.

Gene Name	LPS/TNF-α	GPE + LPS/TNF-α
IL1B	9.3 ± 0.8	7.5 ± 0.7 *
TNF	4.3 ± 0.7	0.9 ± 0.6 **
CXCL10	14.6 ± 1.2	5.9 ± 0.8 **
CSF1/MCSF	4.0 ± 0.6	1.6 ± 0.7 **
PTGS2/COX-2	3.8 ± 0.9	1.7 ± 0.6 *
VCAM1	15.1 ± 2.3	2.3 ± 0.8 **
ICAM1	1.56 ± 0.3	1.0 ± 0.2 *

The expression levels of genes were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. Data are reported as fold over unstimulated control (mean ± SD) and are representative of three independent experiments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 versus LPS/TNF-α alone.