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. 2022 Feb 23;14(3):161. doi: 10.3390/toxins14030161

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Bilateral effects of intra-articular (i.a.) abobotulinumtoxinA (aboBoNT-A, 14 U/kg) or onabotulinumtoxinA (onaBoNT-A, 7 U/kg) on neuronal activation (c-Fos green punctate immunoreactivity) in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) after low-dose (0.5%) i.a. formalin stimulation of rats exposed to the persistent immunogenic hypersensitivity model in the temporomandibular joint. Immunohistochemical staining of c-Fos activation in the TNC of (A) induced + saline, (B) induced + aboBoNT-A-injected animals, and (C) induced + onaBoNT-A animals. The red dotted line indicates the analyzed TNC area. (D) Quantification of c-Fos-expressing neuronal profiles (5 sections/animal, N = 5 animals/treatment group). Mean ± SEM; +++ = p < 0.001 and ++ = p < 0.01 vs. induced + saline (F_5,24 = 20.1, one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test).