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. 2022 Mar 10;10(3):414. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10030414

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(A) Sequential diagram of the vaccine development process. The exploratory stage is the basis for the evolution of the product under development; finding an antigen that correctly stimulates the immune system allows the rest of the process to continue. Human testing is the most time-consuming stage due to the number of individuals involved in the study. In addition, a wide range of regions must be included to assess environmental and genetic conditions and detect if there are differences between study groups. (B) COVID-19 vaccine development is one of the greatest accomplishments in medical history. Due to the vast contribution of scientific research in SARS-CoV, the production of this vaccine was faster compared to others. The time described is according to the clinical trials for the different vaccines. Source: [11,12,13] Design: Carlos U. Torres-Estrella.