Table 3.
Primary nucleic acid-based vaccines and viral vectors available for use in some regions of the world.
| Type of Vaccine | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nucleic Acids | Vector Viral | ||||||
| Name | Comirnaty (BNT162b2 mRNA) | mRNA-1273 | CVnCoV | AZD1222 (ChAdOx1) |
Ad5-nCov | Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac) | Ad26.COV2.21S (JNJ-78436735 |
| Manufacturing Company | Pfizer/BioNTech | MODERNA | CureVac/Bayer/GSK/No vartis | AstraZeneca/Oxford | CanSino Biological | Gamaleya Research Institute | Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson (J & J) |
| Handling/ Storage |
−70 °C up to 6 months, 2–8 °C up to 5 days, reconstituted up to 6 hrs | −20 °C up to 6 months, 2–8 °C up to 30 days | 2–8 °C up to 3 months | 2–8 °C | 2–8 °C | 1st vial frozen at −18 °C 2nd vial lyophilized at 2–8 °C |
2–8 °C |
| Doses required | Three doses Second dose 21–42 days after the first dose Third dose 6 to 12 months after the second dose |
Second dose 28 days after the first one | Second dose 28 days after the first one | Second dose 28 days after the first one | Single dose | Second dose 21 days after the first one | Single dose * |
| Immunization per dose | 100 µg 30 µg (3rd doses) |
30 µg | 12 µg | 0.5 × 1011 Vp | 0.5 × 1011 Vp | 0.5 mL | 0.5 × 1011 Vp |
| % Efficacy in preventing infection | 95% | 94.1% | Phase III data to be published | 82.4% | 65.28% | 92% | 72% in the USA 61% in Latin America |
| Observations | It contains a strand of mRNA that codes for the protein S “Spike” wrapped in a lipid nanoparticle using polyethylene glycol as a stabilizing agent. The third dose is being evaluated in patients 18–55 years and 65–85 years. | It contains a strand of mRNA that codes for the protein S “Spike” wrapped in a lipid nanoparticle. | It contains a strand of mRNA that codes for the protein S “Spike” wrapped in a lipid nanoparticle. Mexico is one of the countries selected for phase III. | Chimpanzee adenovirus containing mRNA encoding protein S “Spike.” | Modified adenovirus serotype Ad5 containing mRNA encoding protein S “Spike.” | The first vial is a modified adenovirus serotype Ad26. The second one is a modified adenovirus serotype Ad5. Both contain double-stranded DNA with the S gene for the “Spike” protein. | Modified adenovirus serotype Ad26 containing double-stranded DNA with the “Spike” protein S gene. |
EMA: European Medicines Agency; Vp: Viral particles; mRNA: Ribonucleic acid of the messenger type; DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid; * J & J Pharmaceuticals indicates that two doses may be required depending on the patient’s needs and the health care provider’s determination. They all contain the “S” gene in the form of mRNA or DNA [21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32].