Table 1.
Summary of clinical studies reporting on the response rate and normal tissue complications of GRID RT with photons. FRT: fractionated radiotherapy; CR: complete response rate; PR: partial response rate (50%); NI: not indicated; H&N: head and neck cancer; pCR: pathologic complete response.
| Author (Year) | Number of Patients | Histology | Dose (Gy) | RT Regimen | RT Goal | Overall Response Rate% (CR%,PR%) | Complications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mohiuddin (1990) [70] | 22 | Diverse | 10–15 | GRID | Palliative | 91 (26,67) | 5 mild acute, 1 mild late toxicities |
| Mohiuddin (1996) [72] | 61 | Diverse | 10–20 | GRID | Palliative | 91 (27,64) | No severe acute toxicity/morbidity |
| Mohiuddin (1999) [71] | 63 | Diverse | 10–20 GRID; 50–70 FRT | GRID and GRID + FRT | Palliative | 91 (16,75) | 1 Grade 3 mucositis, 1 acute morbidity |
| 8 | H&N | GRID + FRT | Curative | 100 (63,37) | No Grade 3 or higher | ||
| Kudrimoti (2002) [73] | 19 | Melanoma | 12–20 GRID; NI | GRID and GRID + FRT | Palliative | 80 (37,47) | No Grade 3 or higher |
| Sathishkumar (2002) [46] | 34 | Diverse | 12–20 GRID; NI | GRID + FRT | Curative | 81 (32,49) | - |
| Sathishkumar (2005) [23] | 11 | Diverse | 15 GRID; 60 FRT | GRID + FRT | Curative | 74 | - |
| Huhn (2006) [74] | 14 | H&N | 15–20 GRID; 54–79 FRT | GRID + FRT | Curative | Neck control: 93% | Acute and late toxicities of Grades 1–2 |
| 13 | GRID + FRT + Surgery | Neck control: 92% 100 (85,15) |
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| Somaiah (2008) [75] | 10 | NSCLC | 15 GRID; 60 FRT | GRID + FRT | Palliative | (71.4,28.5) | No Grade 3 or higher |
| Mohiuddin (2009) [76] | 33 | Sarcoma | 12–20 GRID; 22–70 FRT | GRID and GRID + FRT | Palliative | 76 (26,50) | Mild acute and late toxicities; 2 Grade 3 acute skin reaction |
| Penagaricano (2010) [77] | 14 | H&N | 20 GRID; 54–66 IMRT | GRID + Chemo + IMRT | Curative | 79 | Acute and late toxicities of Grades 1–3, 1 death carotid blow-in |
| Neuner (2012) [78] | 39 cerrobend) | Diverse | 10–20 GRID; 12–70 FRT | GRID and GRID + FRT | Palliative+ Curative | Pain: 75 (25,50) Mass: 67 (17,50) |
Acute and late toxicities of Grades 1–2; 2 acute Grades 3–4 |
| 40 (MLC) | Pain: 74 (30,44) Mass: 73 (9,64) |
Acute and late toxicities of Grade 1–2; 6 acute and 3 late Grades 3–4 | |||||
| Kaiser (2013) [79] | 1 | Sarcoma | 18 GRID; 32 FRT | GRID + FRT | Curative | 90% tumour regression | No skin toxicity |
| Mohiuddin (2014) [80] | 14 | Sarcoma | 18 GRID; 50 FRT | GRID + FRT + Surgery | Curative | pCR (>90% necrosis): 65% | 1 Grade 3 acute skin reaction; 2 late wound healing |
| Edwards (2015) [81] | 53 | H&N (T4 & N3) | 15 GRID; 48–79.2 FRT | GRID + FRT | Curative | 91% clinical local control | 4% > Grade 3 toxicity; 2 requiring feeding tube |
| Choi (2019) [82] | 7 | H&N | 15–20 GRID; Variable | GRID + FRT | Palliative | 70 | 1 Grade 3, 4 Grade 4 acute toxicity |
| 8 | Curative | 87.5 (44.4,13) | |||||
| Snider (2020) [83] | 26 | Sarcoma | 15 GRID; 45–50.4 FRT | GRID + FRT | Curative | pCR (>80% necrosis): 35.3% | 27% > Grade 3 acute skin toxicity |
| Grams (2020) [84] | 2 | Pancreas; Abdominal leiomyosarcoma | 20 GRID; 20–30 FRT | GRID + FRT | Palliative | marked reduction in tumour size; symptomatic relief | NI |
| Tajiki (2021) [85] | 1 | Sarcoma | 15 GRID; 50 FRT | GRID + FRT |
Abbreviations: NSCLC = non-small cell lung cancer; IMRT = intensity modulated radiation therapy; MLC = multileaf collimator.