Table 2.
The compliance with preventive behaviors for COVID-19 based on the characteristics in 2020 and 2021 (n = 18,151).
| Wearing a Mask (Yes: %) | Ventilation (Yes: %) | Social Distancing (Yes: %) | Avoiding Crowds (Yes: %) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | ||
| Information sources | |||||||||
| Family | Yes | 90.3 | 92.5 | 50.5 | 41.7 | 47.9 | 49.4 | 67.1 | 65.4 |
| No | 80.5 | 85.0 | 41.9 | 33.4 | 41.9 | 44.3 | 56.3 | 56.5 | |
| Friends | Yes | 90.3 | 92.3 | 52.0 | 43.0 | 46.1 | 47.9 | 65.8 | 64.1 |
| No | 82.5 | 86.7 | 42.4 | 33.9 | 44.7 | 46.6 | 59.7 | 59.5 | |
| Workplace/School | Yes | 88.7 | 90.8 | 48.6 | 42.0 | 42.8 | 44.8 | 62.2 | 61.1 |
| No | 84.4 | 88.3 | 45.7 | 35.5 | 47.1 | 48.9 | 62.9 | 62.0 | |
| Medical workers | Yes | 90.0 | 91.3 | 56.2 | 47.5 | 55.2 | 55.8 | 70.9 | 69.0 |
| No | 85.2 | 88.9 | 44.6 | 35.9 | 42.9 | 45.1 | 60.5 | 59.8 | |
| Celebrities | Yes | 90.3 | 92.0 | 52.8 | 43.7 | 48.7 | 49.1 | 66.1 | 63.8 |
| No | 85.1 | 88.7 | 45.3 | 36.7 | 44.5 | 46.7 | 61.6 | 61.0 | |
| Professionals | Yes | 92.3 | 93.8 | 53.7 | 43.2 | 50.3 | 51.6 | 69.2 | 67.1 |
| No | 82.9 | 87.0 | 43.3 | 35.5 | 42.7 | 44.9 | 59.0 | 58.7 | |
| Government | Yes | 91.8 | 93.5 | 52.2 | 42.9 | 50.1 | 51.8 | 68.7 | 67.3 |
| No | 81.7 | 86.1 | 42.7 | 34.4 | 41.6 | 43.6 | 57.8 | 57.2 | |
| Academic institution | Yes | 87.6 | 89.1 | 54.9 | 47.5 | 54.1 | 54.6 | 67.5 | 66.9 |
| No | 86.0 | 89.4 | 45.9 | 37.1 | 44.3 | 46.3 | 62.0 | 61.0 | |
| Video sharing site | Yes | 88.1 | 89.4 | 52.3 | 44.3 | 50.3 | 50.6 | 65.6 | 64.3 |
| No | 85.8 | 89.3 | 45.9 | 37.0 | 44.4 | 46.6 | 62.0 | 61.1 | |
| LINE | Yes | 89.6 | 91.1 | 53.5 | 45.5 | 48.6 | 49.4 | 65.9 | 64.1 |
| No | 85.3 | 88.9 | 45.1 | 36.2 | 44.5 | 46.6 | 61.7 | 61.0 | |
| Yes | 86.6 | 87.7 | 50.4 | 44.4 | 46.3 | 47.5 | 61.1 | 60.9 | |
| No | 86.1 | 89.7 | 46.3 | 37.0 | 45.2 | 47.2 | 62.8 | 61.8 | |
| Yes | 82.7 | 85.8 | 52.7 | 45.9 | 48.9 | 48.5 | 60.4 | 60.0 | |
| No | 86.4 | 89.6 | 46.5 | 37.6 | 45.1 | 47.1 | 62.7 | 61.8 | |
| Yes | 81.0 | 82.3 | 55.4 | 51.1 | 49.4 | 49.3 | 60.6 | 61.9 | |
| No | 86.5 | 89.8 | 46.4 | 37.4 | 45.1 | 47.1 | 62.7 | 61.6 | |
| News website | Yes | 90.2 | 92.7 | 48.7 | 39.4 | 46.7 | 48.3 | 65.4 | 63.8 |
| No | 76.5 | 81.4 | 42.7 | 35.2 | 42.1 | 44.7 | 55.8 | 56.5 | |
| Newspaper | Yes | 90.3 | 92.5 | 49.8 | 38.7 | 48.4 | 50.2 | 65.7 | 64.5 |
| No | 81.9 | 86.0 | 43.9 | 37.6 | 42.2 | 44.1 | 59.3 | 58.6 | |
| Magazines | Yes | 88.4 | 89.7 | 53.5 | 46.1 | 52.8 | 53.7 | 65.8 | 64.5 |
| No | 85.9 | 89.3 | 46.0 | 37.1 | 44.3 | 46.3 | 62.1 | 61.2 | |
| Books | Yes | 84.6 | 86.4 | 57.1 | 49.8 | 57.3 | 57.9 | 66.5 | 66.1 |
| No | 86.3 | 89.6 | 46.2 | 37.3 | 44.5 | 46.4 | 62.3 | 61.3 | |
| TV news | Yes | 90.0 | 92.4 | 48.1 | 38.6 | 46.7 | 48.5 | 65.2 | 64.0 |
| No | 65.6 | 73.0 | 40.4 | 35.9 | 37.8 | 40.2 | 48.0 | 48.6 | |
| TV tabloid show | Yes | 90.7 | 92.8 | 48.4 | 38.5 | 47.1 | 48.7 | 65.6 | 64.8 |
| No | 77.3 | 82.5 | 44.0 | 37.4 | 42.0 | 44.3 | 56.5 | 55.4 | |
| Radio | Yes | 88.7 | 90.9 | 52.9 | 41.1 | 51.5 | 52.1 | 67.3 | 64.9 |
| No | 85.5 | 89.0 | 45.4 | 37.4 | 43.8 | 46.0 | 61.4 | 60.8 | |
| Gender | |||||||||
| Male | 79.7 | 84.8 | 38.2 | 30.9 | 40.9 | 43.5 | 56.3 | 55.6 | |
| Female | 93.0 | 94.1 | 56.1 | 45.6 | 50.0 | 51.1 | 69.1 | 68.0 | |
| Age | |||||||||
| 20–29 | 75.4 | 76.5 | 42.9 | 39.4 | 36.5 | 37.0 | 52.2 | 51.1 | |
| 30–39 | 81.6 | 85.3 | 44.4 | 40.3 | 37.1 | 40.2 | 57.1 | 56.9 | |
| 40–49 | 85.3 | 89.1 | 46.6 | 39.5 | 41.8 | 44.6 | 59.4 | 60.0 | |
| 50–59 | 87.9 | 91.9 | 47.7 | 38.9 | 46.5 | 47.9 | 62.1 | 60.3 | |
| 60–69 | 90.5 | 93.6 | 46.1 | 35.4 | 51.8 | 53.5 | 67.4 | 65.9 | |
| 70–79 | 91.1 | 93.6 | 51.8 | 36.4 | 53.4 | 54.6 | 72.4 | 70.8 | |
| Income | |||||||||
| Q1 (Lowest) | 84.8 | 87.6 | 47.7 | 36.2 | 45.0 | 46.6 | 62.0 | 61.5 | |
| Q2 | 88.0 | 91.1 | 46.9 | 38.1 | 45.0 | 47.1 | 63.9 | 62.9 | |
| Q3 | 84.7 | 88.7 | 44.3 | 36.2 | 41.0 | 44.0 | 60.5 | 59.0 | |
| Q4 (Highest) | 86.0 | 89.1 | 45.1 | 39.1 | 46.2 | 47.1 | 60.3 | 60.4 | |
| Not answered | 87.0 | 90.0 | 50.6 | 41.1 | 49.4 | 51.2 | 64.9 | 64.2 | |
| Education | |||||||||
| Junior high school/High school | 86.5 | 89.6 | 47.2 | 36.1 | 44.5 | 46.8 | 61.7 | 61.7 | |
| Vocational school/Junior college | 89.5 | 92.1 | 52.9 | 44.1 | 47.4 | 50.2 | 66.3 | 66.0 | |
| University/Graduate-school | 84.5 | 88.0 | 44.0 | 36.7 | 45.0 | 46.1 | 61.2 | 59.6 | |
| Family structure | |||||||||
| Living with others | 87.2 | 90.3 | 47.3 | 39.0 | 46.4 | 48.4 | 63.8 | 63.0 | |
| Living alone | 81.9 | 85.5 | 45.1 | 34.5 | 41.0 | 42.3 | 57.5 | 56.0 | |
| Health literacy measured by CCHL (Rounded) | |||||||||
| 1 | 69.6 | 75.9 | 44.8 | 36.3 | 44.4 | 45.9 | 54.1 | 54.1 | |
| 2 | 81.9 | 83.4 | 45.5 | 37.7 | 39.5 | 42.8 | 58.3 | 55.7 | |
| 3 | 80.8 | 85.2 | 43.2 | 36.3 | 40.8 | 42.9 | 57.3 | 56.6 | |
| 4 | 91.5 | 93.9 | 49.2 | 38.9 | 48.9 | 50.5 | 66.9 | 66.2 | |
| 5 | 91.9 | 93.2 | 60.5 | 49.1 | 60.0 | 60.4 | 74.5 | 71.8 | |
Note: CCHL, Communicative and Critical Health Literacy.