Table 2.
Results of landmark detection in terms of mean radial error.
| No. | Landmarks | AI | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MRE (mm) | SD | ||
| 1 | Sella | 0.76 | 0.44 |
| 2 | Porion | 1.40 | 1.20 |
| 3 | Basion | 2.09 | 1.98 |
| 4 | Hinge axis | 1.70 | 1.06 |
| 5 | Pterygoid | 2.38 | 1.46 |
| 6 | Nasion | 1.33 | 0.87 |
| 7 | Orbitale | 2.23 | 1.81 |
| 8 | A-point | 1.43 | 1.11 |
| 9 | PM | 1.32 | 0.88 |
| 10 | Pogonion | 1.19 | 0.96 |
| 11 | B-point | 1.69 | 1.22 |
| 12 | Posterior nasal spine | 1.63 | 1.37 |
| 13 | Anterior nasal spine | 1.27 | 0.91 |
| 14 | R1 | 2.32 | 1.62 |
| 15 | R3 | 1.84 | 1.21 |
| 16 | Articulare | 1.03 | 0.74 |
| 17 | Menton | 1.22 | 0.91 |
| 18 | Maxilla 1 crown | 1.03 | 0.92 |
| 19 | Maxilla 1 root | 3.31 | 2.78 |
| 20 | Mandible 1 crown | 0.90 | 0.52 |
| 21 | Mandible 1 root | 2.89 | 4.04 |
| 22 | Maxilla 6 distal | 1.41 | 1.86 |
| 23 | Maxilla 6 root | 2.20 | 1.53 |
| 24 | Mandible 6 distal | 1.64 | 2.32 |
| 25 | Mandible 6 root | 2.97 | 2.50 |
| 26 | Glabella | 5.18 | 5.13 |
| 27 | Soft tissue nasion | 3.10 | 2.44 |
| 28 | Pronasale | 2.06 | 8.16 |
| 29 | Columella | 1.05 | 0.87 |
| 30 | Subnasale | 1.06 | 0.99 |
| 31 | Soft tissue A | 1.21 | 1.34 |
| 32 | Upper lip | 1.48 | 4.10 |
| 33 | Stms | 1.82 | 1.46 |
| 34 | Stmi | 1.03 | 0.79 |
| 35 | Lower lip | 1.16 | 0.90 |
| 36 | Soft tissue B | 2.08 | 2.70 |
| 37 | Soft tissue pogonion | 4.70 | 10.39 |
| 38 | Gnathion | 1.34 | 2.08 |
| 39 | Gonion | 2.70 | 2.14 |
| 40 | APOcc | 1.02 | 1.19 |
| 41 | PPOcc | 2.33 | 2.86 |
| Average | 1.87 | 2.04 | |
Abbreviations: AI, artificial intelligence; MRE, mean radial error; SD, standard deviation.