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. 2022 Mar 11;14(3):579. doi: 10.3390/v14030579

Table 2.

Animal studies of EBOV antiviral therapeutics.

Category Drug(s) Animal Model Treatment Time Post-Infection; Dose Best Survival Ref.
VP35 inhibitor VP35 PMO Mouse −24 h, −4 h; 500 μg 85% [22]
VP35 P-PMO Mouse −24 h, −4 h; 500 μg 100% [22]
VP35 P-PMO Mouse D1; 500 μg 100% [22]
GP inhibitors mAb114 Rhesus macaque D5-7; 50 mg/kg 100% [30]
MIL77E Rhesus macaque D3, 6, 9; 50 mg/kg 100% [33]
ch133 + ch226 Rhesus macaque D(−1), 1, 3; 25 mg/kg/mAb 33% [113]
ZMAb Guinea pig D2; 2 mg 4G7 + 1.5 mg 1H3 + 1.5 mg 2G4 100% [34]
ZMAb Cynomolgus macaque D1, 4, 7; 25 mg/kg 100% [114]
ZMAb Cynomolgus macaque D2, 5, 8; 25 mg/kg 50% [114]
MB-003 Rhesus macaque D2, 6, 8, 10; 16.7 mg/kg/mAb 67% [37]
MB-003 Rhesus macaque Three doses initiated after symptom onset (by 120 h.p.i.); 16.7 mg/kg/mAb 43% [38]
ZMappTM Rhesus macaque D5, 8, 11; 50 mg/kg 100% [32]
AAV9-ZMapp Mouse D(−14); 3 × 1011 genome copies >80% [115]
AAV9-ZMapp Mouse D(−21); 3 × 1011 genome copies 60–90% [116]
AAV9-c2G4 Mouse D(−21); 3 × 1011 genome copies 90–100% [116]
AAV6.2FF-2G4 + AAV6.2FF-5D2 Mouse D(−7) or (−14) or (−140); 4 × 1011 genome copies 100% [117]
REGN-EB3 Rhesus macaque D5; 150 mg/kg 89% [31]
REGN-EB3 Rhesus macaque D5, 8, 11; 50 mg/kg 100% [31]
KZ52 Guinea pig −1 h or +1 h; 25 mg/kg 80–100% [39]
KZ52 Rhesus macaque D1, 4; 50 mg/kg 0% [118]
Q206 Mouse D2; 100 μg 66.6% [40]
Q314 Mouse D1 or 2; 100 μg 33.3 [40]
Q411 Mouse D1; 100 μg 50.0 [40]
2G1 Mouse D1; 100 μg 100% [41]
5E1 Mouse D1; 100 μg 100% [41]
5E9 Mouse D1; 100 μg 100% [41]
6D6 Mouse D1; 100 μg 100% [42]
m8C4 Mouse +2 h, D3; 25 mg/kg 47% [43]
Bis-mAbs Mouse D1; 200 μg 70–100% [44]
040 + 66-3-9C + 6662 + 6541 Guinea pig D3; 10 mg/kg/mAb 100% [47]
FVM04 + CA45 Guinea pig D3; 2.5 mg/mAb 100% [45]
FVM04 + CA45 Guinea pig D3; 1.25 mg/mAb 100% [119]
FVM04 + CA45 Rhesus macaque D4; 20 mg/kg/mAb 100% [119]
ADI-15742 Mouse D2; 300 μg 100% [48]
ADI-15878 Mouse D2; 300 μg 80% [48]
MBP134AF Guinea pig D3; 3.3 mg 100% [120]
MBP134AF Ferret D2, 5 or D3, 6; 15 mg 100% [121]
MBP134AF Rhesus macaque D4; 25 mg/kg 100% [121]
rEBOV-520 + rEBOV-548 Rhesus macaque D3, 6; 30 mg/kg 100% [49]
EBOV/SUDV pAb Mouse D1; 100 mg/kg 80% [50]
F(ab’)2 Rhesus macaque D3-7, 9, 11; 100 mg/kg 100% [51]
F(ab’)2 Rhesus macaque D5-9, 11, 13; 100 mg/kg 100% [51]
Clomiphene Mouse +1 h, D1, 3, 5, 7, 9; 60 mg/kg 90% [53]
Toremifene Mouse +1 h, D1, 3, 5, 7, 9; 60 mg/kg 50% [53]
Bepridil Mouse BID since +1 h for 10 days; 12 mg/kg 100% [54]
Sertraline Mouse BID since +1 h for 10 days; 10 mg/kg 70% [54]
rhMBL Mouse D0-10 (Q12H since 12 h.p.i.); 20 mg/kg >40% [52]
VP24 inhibitor PMOs Mouse −24 h, −4 h; 1–50 μg 30–100% [64]
RdRp inhibitors SNALPs (L) Guinea pig +1 h, D1-6; 0.75 mg/kg 100% [73]
Favipiravir Mouse D6-13; 300 mg/(kg × d) 100% [70]
Favipiravir Mouse BID since +1 h for 14 days; 150 mg/kg 100% [122]
Favipiravir Cynomolgus macaque BID since D(−2) for 14 days; 180 mg/kg (LD: 250 mg/kg) 60% [123]
Favipiravir Cynomolgus macaque D(−3)-10; 200 mg/kg (LD: 400 mg/kg) 17% [124]
Favipiravir Cynomolgus macaque BID since +0.5–2 h for 14 days; 150 mg/kg (LD: 250 mg/kg) 0% [124]
Galidesivir Mouse BID; 150 mg/kg >80% [71]
Galidesivir Rhesus macaque BID since D2 for 11 days; 25 mg/kg (LD: 100 mg/kg) 100% [125]
Galidesivir Rhesus macaque BID since D3 for 11 days; 25 mg/kg (LD: 100 mg/kg) 67% [125]
Remdesivir Rhesus macaque D3-14; 3 or 10 mg/kg (LD: 10 mg/kg) 100% [72]
Host-targeting inhibitors Amiodarone Mouse D0-7 BID; 90 mg/kg 10–40% [78]
Amiodarone Guinea pig Starting from D(−3); 160 mg/kg 0% [79]
HspA5 PMO Mouse D(−4), (−1), +1, +3; 7.5 mg/kg 100% [87]
SAH inhibitor (Ca-c3 Ado) Mouse Q8H since −24 h for 9 days; 0.7 mg/kg 100% [91]
SAH inhibitor (Ca-c3 Ado) Mouse D2; 80 mg/kg 100% [126]
SAH inhibitor (c3-Npc A) Mouse D4; 1 mg/kg 100% [126,127]
IFN-γ Mouse +6 h; 3.3μg 100% [128]
IFN-α Cynomolgus macaque Daily since +18 h; 2 × 107 IU/kg 0% [129]
IFN-β Rhesus Macaque +18 h, D1, 3, 5, 7, 9; 10.5 µg/kg 0% [130]
TSG101 inhibitor (FGI-104) Mouse −2 h; D1-10; 10 mg/kg 100% [94]
rNAPc2 Rhesus macaque D1-14; 30 μg/kg 33% [95]
rhAPC Rhesus macaque Continuous infusion since 1 h.p.i.; 2 mg/m2/h 18% [96]
Combination Treatments PMOs (VP24, VP35, L) Mouse D1; 500 μg 100% [97]
PMOs (VP24, VP35, L) Guinea pig D4; 30 mg 67% [97]
PMOs (VP24, VP35, L) Rhesus macaque D(−2), 0–9; 12.5–100 mg 50% [97]
PMOplus AVI-6002 (VP24, VP35, L) Rhesus macaque +0.5–1 h, D1-14; 28 or 40 mg/kg 60% [98]
SNALPs (L, VP35, and VP24) Rhesus macaque +0.5 h, D1-6; 2 mg/kg 100% [131]
Ad-IFN-α + Ad-CAGoptZGP Guinea pig +0.5 h; Ad-IFN-α 2 × 108 infectious particles + Ad-CAGoptZGP 1010 infectious particles 100% [99]
Ad-IFN-α + ZMAb Cynomolgus macaque D3; Ad-IFN 109 PFU/kg + ZMAb 50 mg/kgD6, 9; ZMAb 50 mg/kg 100% [100]
Inhibitors with unknown target(s) Azithromycin Mouse D0-7 BID; 100 mg/kg 10–60% [78]
Azithromycin Guinea pig D0-7; 6 mg/kg 10% [78]
Teicoplanin Mouse +1 h, D1-9; 14 mg/kg 0% [54]
Chloroquine Mouse D0-7 BID; 90 mg/kg 70–80% [78]
Chloroquine Guinea pig D0-7; 25 mg/kg 0% [78]
Chloroquine Guinea pig BID since +6 h; 33.75 mg/kg 0% [132]
Chloroquine Hamster 50 mg/kg 0% [111]
Quercetin 3-β-O-D-glucoside Mouse −0.5 h, D2, 4, 6, 8, 10; 50 mg/kg 100% [112]
Quercetin 3-β-O-D-glucoside Mouse D1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11; 50 mg/kg 30% [112]

BID, twice a day; D, day; h, hour; LD, loading dose.