Table 2.

Infections different from endocarditis and bacteremia caused by lactobacilli in years 2019, 2020, and 2021.

Type of Infection	Age, Sex	Risk Factors	Underlying Conditions	Causative Agent
2019
Meningo-encephalitis and bacteremia [46]	63 male			L. plantarum
Septic shock [47]	54 male	Consumption of probiotic yogurt	promyelocytic leukemia in second complete remission	L. rhamnosus GG
UTI [48]	49 male			L. delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii
Perinephric abscess [49]	52 male		diabetes mellitus, obesity, mild hydronephrosis	Unidentified lactobacilli *
2020
Interstitial pneumonia [50]	68 female	L. paraplantarum probiotic supplementation	pancreatic cancer, diabetes mellitus	No cultures carried out
Lung abscess [51]	14 male	Possible aspiration of lactobacilli from yogurt	cerebral palsy, epilepsy and asthma treated with corticosteroids	L. rhamnosus
Renal and perinephric abscesses [52]	26 female	Interventions to treat nephrolithiasis		L. jensenii
Prosthetic joint infection [53]	82 female	Hip arthroplasty	Past nephrectomy, asthma, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hypothyroidism	L. paracasei
2021
Masticator abscess [54]	23 female	Wisdom tooth extraction	diabetes mellitus	Unidentified lactobacilli
Prostatic abscess [55]	57 male		diabetes mellitus, hypertension	L. jensenii
Liver abscesses [56]	59 male	Multiple abdominal surgeries with modified biodigestive anatomy	diabetes mellitus	L. gasseri
Pancreatic necrosis and retroperitoneal abscess [57]	88 female		diabetes mellitus, hypertension	L. paracasei
Cavernosal abscess [58]	63 male		diabetes mellitus	L. paragasseri

* bacterial isolates designated as “Lactobacillus spp.” but not identified to the species level.