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. 2022 Mar 9;19(6):3214. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19063214

Table 1.

PICO framework.

PICO
P—Population People with long-term physical health conditions limited to cardiovascular disease, stroke, lung and liver disease, type II diabetes and chronic kidney disease
I—Intervention Nature-, green- or outdoor animal-based interventions
C—Comparison Treatment as usual, urban environments or no comparison
O—Outcome Evaluation of effectiveness, as measured by improvements in psychological wellbeing and/or quality of life (QoL)