| FB1 | fumonisins B1 |
| FB2 | fumonisins B2 |
| BW | body weight |
| So | sphingosine |
| Sa | sphinganine |
| So-1-p | sphingosine-1-phosphate |
| Sa-1-p | sphinganin-1-phosphate |
| SPT | serine palmitoyltransfe |
| 3-KeSa | 3-keto-sphinganine |
| 3-KR | 3-keto reductase |
| dhCerS | dihydroceramide synthetase |
| CerS | ceramide synthetase |
| Cer | ceramide |
| Ser | serine |
| dhDES | dihydroceramide dehydrogenase |
| C1P | ceramide-1-phosphate |
| CERK | ceramide kinase |
| C1PP | C1P phosphatase |
| CDases | ceramidase |
| SoKs | sphingosine kinase |
| So-1-pP | sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase |
| PE | phosphoethanolamine |
| HE | hexadecanal |
| So-1-pL | So-1-p lyase |
| SMases | sphingomyelinase |
| SMSs | sphingomyelin synthase |
| GlySM | Glycosphingolipids |
| GBA | glucerebrosidase |
| GCS | galactosyl-ceramide synthase |
| GSH | glutathione |
| GPx | glutathione peroxidase |
| SOD | superoxide dismutase |
| GR | glutathione reductase |
| CAT | catalase |
| MDA | malondialdehyde |
| MAPK | mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| PKC | protein kinase C |
| JNK | c-Jun N-terminal kinase |
| IRE1-α | Inositol-requiring enzyme-1-α |
| AMPK | AMP-dependent protein kinase |
| mTOR | mammalian target of rapamycin |
| TNF-α | tumor necrosis factor alpha |
| CytoC | cytochrome C |
| SIL | silymarin |
| PGE | protective effect of ginseng extract |
| REO | Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil |
| GML | glycerol monolaurate |
| CHL | chlorophyllin |
| IGS | indoleglucosinolates |
| MLM | moringa leaf meal |
| RJ | royal jelly |
| HFB1 | hydrolyzed FB1 |
| PHFB1 | partially hydrolysed FB1 |
| PBS | phosphate buffer saltwater |