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. 2022 Mar 19;23(6):3339. doi: 10.3390/ijms23063339

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Neurohormonal circuits and neuronal signals derived from the hypothalamus and other centers regulating appetite and energy homeostasis, which may be affected by bariatric surgery. (Created in https://biorender.com/, accessed on 13 February 2022) AgRP: agouti-related peptide, ARC: arcuate nucleus, BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor, CART: cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript, CCK: cholecystokinin, DMN: dorsomedial nucleus, GABA: γ-amino-butyric acid, GIP: gastric inhibitory polypeptide, GLP: glucagon-like peptide, LHA: lateral hypothalamic area, MCH: melanin-concentrating hormone, MC3R: melanocortin 3 receptor, MC4R: melanocortin-4 receptor, NPY: neuropeptide Y, OXM: oxyntomodulin, POMC: pro-opiomelanocortin, PYY: peptide YY, PVN: paraventricular nucleus, VMN: ventromedial nucleus.