Table 2.
Comparison of baseline demographic, clinical, and HIV-related parameters between PLWH with and without post-acute COVID-19 syndrome.
| Variable | Post-COVID-19 Syndrome (n = 20) |
No COVID-19-Related Sequelae (n = 55) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 53 (40–58) | 53 (40–58) | 0.93 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 18 (90.0%) | 43 (78.2%) | 0.249 |
| Caucasian, n (%) | 16 (80.0%) | 47 (85.4%) | 0.571 |
| BMI, median (IQR) | 25.6 (23.6–28.0) | 25.3 (23.1–28.4) | 0.741 |
| Number of comorbidities, median (IQR) | 1 (0–4) | 1 (0–2) | 0.9 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 7 (35.0%) | 16 (29.1%) | 0.626 |
| HIV lenght, median years (IQR) | 12 (7–23) | 11 (5–20) | 0.638 |
| Current CD4 count, median cells/mmc (IQR) | 580 (345–770) | 558 (450–786) | 0.848 |
| CD4/CD8 ratio, median (IQR) | 0.82 (0.60–1.14) | 0.87 (0.64–1.01) | 0.958 |
| CD4 count nadir, median cells/mmc (IQR) | 271 (45–595) | 388 (261–607) | 0.26 |
| Previous AIDS episode, n (%) | 8 (40.0%) | 9 (16.4%) | 0.032 |
| Type of cART, n (%) | |||
| Mono-dual therapy | 3 (15.0%) | 17 (30.9%) | 0.172 |
| PI-based | 1 (5.0%) | 7 (12.7%) | |
| INI-based | 6 (30.0%) | 14 (25.4%) | |
| NN-based | 10 (50.0%) | 17 (30.9%) | |
| Positive anti-HCV Ab, n (%) | 6 (30.0%) | 9 (16.4%) | 0.195 |
| Positive anti-HBc Ab, n (%) | 3 (15.0%) | 20 (36.4%) | 0.078 |
| COVID-19 requiring hospitalization, n (%) | 10 (50.0%) | 6 (10.9%) | <0.0005 |
| Calendar date of SARS-CoV-2 infection, n (%) * | |||
| March–mid July 2020 | 1/20 (5.0%) | 1/50 (2.0%) | 0.258 |
| Mid July–November 2020 | 3/20 (15.0%) | 4/50 (8.0%) | |
| December 2020–March 2021 | 16/20 (80.0%) | 45/50 (90.0%) | |
| Comorbidity, n (%) | |||
| Obesity | 2 (10.0%) | 10 (18.2%) | 0.396 |
| Hypertension | 6 (30.0%) | 16 (29.1%) | 0.939 |
| Diabetes | 3 (15.0%) | 13 (23.6%) | 0.423 |
| Ischaemic hearth disease | 1 (5.0%) | 4 (7.3%) | 0.729 |
| Osteoporosis | 3 (15.0%) | 2 (3.6%) | 0.083 |
| Chronic renal failure | 1 (5.0%) | 4 (10.9%) | 0.433 |
| Neurological disorders | 3 (15.0%) | 5 (9.1%) | 0.729 |
| Psychiatric disorders | 5 (25.0%) | 1 (1.8%) | 0.001 |
| Cirrhosis | 1 (5.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.097 |
| Cancer | 2 (10.0%) | 4 (7.3%) | 0.702 |
| Immune disorders | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (5.4%) | 0.29 |
| Lung disorders | 3 (15.0%) | 2 (3.6%) | 0.083 |
| Polypharmacy, n (%) | 7 (35.0%) | 7 (12.7%) | 0.03 |
| Number of non-antiretroviral drugs, median (IQR) | 1 (1–5) | 1 (0–2) | 0.79 |
Legend: IQR, interquartile range; BMI, body mass index; cART, combination antiretroviral therapy; PI, protease inhibitors; INI, integrase inhibitors; NN, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HBV, hepatitis B virus; PACS, post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. * Among PCR-tested PLWH only (n = 70). Mann–Whitney U test and non-parametric t distribution test as for proper variable type were performed.