Loss of microglial InsR in male mice leads to impaired microglial morphology, altered phagocytic capacity, and changes in POMC cell number in the arcuate nucleus. (A) Iba1-ir microglia in the arcuate nucleus, Iba1-ir (B) soma number, and (C) primary projections (n = 6–10). InsR-KO mice had lower primary projections compared to InsR-Ctrl mice, irrespective of diet. (D,E) CD68-ir co-localization with Iba1-ir microglia in the ARC (n = 4–5). (F,G) POMC-ir neurons in the arcuate nucleus of male mice (n = 5–10). There was a borderline significant increase in POMC cell number in InsR-KO male mice, compared to InsR-Ctrl mice under physiological conditions. Data presented for male InsR-Ctrl and InsR-KO mice fed a Chow diet (black) or HFD (blue) following 12 weeks of diet exposure. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01. III—3rd ventricle. Scale bar: 100 µm in (A,G); 10 µm in (D).