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taVNS stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve (VN) projects to the nucleus tractus solitari (NTS), continuing to the locus coeruleus and parabrachial nucleus. From the parabrachial nucleus, it propagates to various subcortical and cortical brain regions. HTh: hypothalamus; PBN: parabrachial nucleus; LC: locus coeruleus; NTS: nucleus tractus solitary; DMNV: dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve.
