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The membranes used in this study and their characteristics.
| Membrane | Manufacturer | Membrane Composition | MWCO (Da) | pH Range (at 25 °C) | Max. Pressure (bar) | Max. Temperature (°C) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NF | ||||||
| NF270 [52] | DuPont-Filmtec | Polypiperazine Thin-Film Composite | 400 | 2–11 | 41 | 45 |
| NF90 [53] | DuPont-Filmtec | Polyamide Thin-Film Composite | 200 | 2–11 | 41 | 45 |
| Duracid [54] | Suez | Sulfonamide active layer and polysulfone support | 150–200 | ˂9 | 83 | 70 |
| RO | ||||||
| BW30LE [55] | DuPont-Filmtec | Polyamide Thin-Film Composite | 100 | 3–11 | 41 | 45 |
